Tychina Pavel Grigorievich: biography and creativity

2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25

Probably, many people have known since childhood a little book that was published by the publishing house "Children's Literature" in the series "My First Books", on which was printed: "Pavlo Tychin, "The Sun and Smoke", poems."

These simple, but so bright, even sunny, poems fell on the soul. Vivid images of bluebell flowers, the sun, stars evoked a lively response in the heart of the reader.

Very unusual and beautiful name and surname of the Ukrainian poet were remembered immediately. It was very interesting to find out what a person who writes such poems looks like. Now there is an opportunity to see the poet in the photo.

Tychina Pavel Grigorievich - the great Ukrainian poet, whose life fell on the most difficult periods of the twentieth century. He died in 1967.

Biography

Tychina Pavel Grigorievich was born in the village of Peski, Chernihiv province, on January 23, 1891, in the family of a rural clergyman,who was also a school teacher. Pavel was the seventh child in the family, he received, in addition to church education, a very good musical education. He had absolute pitch, was a born artist.

After studying at the Chernigov Theological School, then at the Seminary, in 1913 he entered the Kyiv Commercial Institute.

Pavel's father died in 1906, and the future poet had to look for ways to earn extra money: he sang in the monastery choir, worked part-time in newspapers and magazines. The biography of Tychyna Pavel Grigorievich tells that, despite the hard life and severe poverty, the poet has very bright memories of his childhood.

First teacher

Seraphim Nikolaevna Morachevskaya was the first teacher of young Pavel in the Zemstvo school. It was she who instilled in the boy a love of reading. Highlighting his academic success, she gave Pavel several Ukrainian books.

Pavel Grigorievich Tychina dedicated the poem "Seraphim Morachevskaya" to his first teacher, which, unfortunately, remained unfinished.

Serafima Nikolaevna drew the attention of the boy's parents to his extraordinary abilities and advised him to send the boy to the church choir. Since the poor family had no other opportunity to educate their son, they heeded the teacher's advice.

In 1900, nine-year-old Pavel successfully passed the audition and became a singer in the bishop's choir at the Trinity Monastery. Pavel combined these studies with his studies at the Chernigov Theological School. The choir director remarkedtalented boy and instructed him to teach new boys musical notation. Pavel already showed extraordinary composing and conducting abilities.

Pavel Tychina: biography and creativity

Pavel Grigorievich was naturally very generously gifted. Pavel Grigoryevich Tychin began to write his first poems at about the age of fifteen under the influence of the books he had read and personal acquaintance with poets and writers.

Studying at the Chernigov Theological Seminary in 1907-1913, Tychina received a very good art education thanks to the art teacher, poet and talented painter Mikhail Zhuk, who introduced the future poet into his circle of intellectuals in Chernigov.

Tychina Pavel Grigorievich attended literary evenings on Saturdays, which were called “Literary Saturdays”, with the poet Mikhail Kotsyubinsky. These meetings with talented people had a strong influence on the formation and development of the literary gift of the future poet.

First publications

Starting from 1912, that is, from the age of twenty-one, Tychina publishes his poems and stories in magazines. The first of those printed was the poem "You know how the linden rustles." The early work of Tychyna Pavel Grigorievich is permeated with love for his native nature.

In 1918 the first collection of poems "Solar clarinets" was already published. This collection immediately put the young author on a par with famous poets of Ukraine. He began to be called the "national poet". But this has not yet yielded decent earnings, andtherefore, while studying during the summer holidays, the poet worked part-time at the statistical bureau of the Chernihiv Zemstvo.

In the summer and autumn of 1914-1916, the aspiring poet combined two positions in the Chernihiv Provincial Zemstvo Statistical Bureau: traveling instructor and accountant-statistician. He took the opportunity to make some valuable folklore recordings of folk art, which he was very interested in and inspired.

Private life

Tychina Pavel Grigorievich married quite late to a woman whom he had met long before. Lydia was the daughter of the owner of the apartment in which the poet rented a room. A handsome but shy young man was afraid of a lively girl at first, but gradually became friends with her.

They met in 1916, the girl was 16 years old. They got married only in 1939. There were no children of his own in the family, but numerous relatives were constantly in the poet's house: nephews and nieces, brothers, sisters, whom he always helped financially.

His wife, Lydia, took over all household duties, helped her husband with putting his papers and documents in order, sorted out his manuscripts.

The personal life of Pavel Grigorievich Tychyna was closely connected with the large family from which he came.

Revolution in the life and work of the poet

Pavel Tychina lived and worked in very difficult and difficult times for him and for the people: two wars and revolutions fell to his lot. During the revolution of 1917, the poet was at first on the side of the defenders of the old system, but then he became imbued with ideasBolshevism.

Perhaps, the fact that the poet was actually the sole breadwinner of his large family, and he had to adapt to the circumstances.

There is a revolution on the Maidan near the church.

– Let the shepherd for the chieftain, – everyone buzzed, – go!

Well, goodbye, wait for the will!

– Gay, get on your horses!

It boiled, it was noisy - only the ensign is blooming…

On the Maidan near the church mothers moan in tears:

Light the way for them, clear moon in the sky!

And let yourself, as they know, Go crazy, die, – We create our own:

All the pans are in the same hole, All bourgeois with bourgeois

We will, we will beat!

We will, we will beat!

Tychyna's poetry

In 1919, a collection of poems by Pavel Tychyna was published in Ukrainian, which was called "Solar Clarinets".

The poet tried to preserve his individuality in his work even after the victory of communism in Ukraine. Collections of his poems "Zamіst sonnetіv i octave" (1920), "In the cosmic orchestra" (1921) were published.

During this period, he begins work on the poem-symphony "Frying Pan", dedicated to the great philosopher.

By the beginning of the 1920s of the twentieth century, Soviet propaganda was increasingly penetrating the work of the great poet. Thanks to his talent, it was also masterfully written.

The 1930s can be called the period of Paul's surrenderTychins before communism. His proletarian poetry was included in the Soviet school curriculum.

Until the very last days, he remained devoted to the chosen style. But sometimes his talent demanded an outlet in soulful lyrical poems and poems. After his death, a collection of poems "In my heart" was published.

The talent given to the poet played a cruel joke on him. In his early work, Tychyna showed himself to be the greatest Ukrainian poet who wrote beautiful lyrical poems about nature and love. But later he had to become an unsurpassed singer of the Stalinist system. This metamorphosis was very difficult for the poet himself.

At the same time, Tychina was a polyglot: he spoke French, ancient Greek, studied Armenian, Georgian. The poet translated a lot, thereby enriching Ukrainian literature.

Tychina was the greatest scientist: folklorist, literary critic, art critic, brilliant translator. He wrote literary studies of Ukrainian poets.

Public figure

Pavel Tychina did a lot for the formation of literature, music, theatrical art of Soviet Ukraine.

After the Great Patriotic War, Pavel Tychina actively began to engage in social activities. He occupies high positions in the government of the republic, becomes People's Commissar of Education and in this position methodically restores educational institutions that were destroyed during the war years. He is trying to keep the teaching of the Ukrainian language in schools. He was also DeputyChairman of the Board of the Union of Writers of Ukraine.

Memory of the poet

Pavel Grigorievich Tychina died on September 16, 1967. In 1980, the Literary and Memorial Museum-Apartment of Pavel Grigorievich was opened in Kyiv, this was facilitated by the poet's wife, Lydia Petrovna, who preserved his archive. This museum hosts meetings with cultural figures.