Rhythm in composition: description, form, types and features

2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25

The most important means for organizing the various elements of the form in a harmonious unity, for ordering each of them and the exact location in the overall structure is the rhythm in the composition, which is inherent in all forms and natural phenomena, even labor processes. The composition of life in all its diversity is certainly rhythmic.

What is rhythm

In the composition, this is the uniformity of the alternation of elements of size, the order of matching lines, planes and volumes. Rhythm can be shown both chamber and monumental, it can influence the mood, filling it with joy, solemnity, peace, and so on. All human feelings are subject to rhythm, it is perceived both visually and by ear. Moreover, any static object is rhythmic in its own way. For example, in architecture, the distribution of columns, windows, vertically or horizontally - this is the sustained rhythm in the composition. In nature, it is everywhere: it is the waves on the river, and the surf, and raindrops, and seagulls over the water - you can find the rhythm anywhere, wherever you falllook.

Or repetitive motifs of fabric ornament, wallpaper, carpet - they are absolutely rhythmic. But the rhythm is especially pronounced in the composition, if its creator was nature - its animal and plant world is unique and infinitely rhythmic. How obediently the eye follows from stripe to stripe on the cat's muzzle, with each repeated element more and more clearly perceiving this rhythm and meter in the composition. In the same way, dance elements hold each other, the measuredness of a poem read aloud, and music heard. And how rhythmic are the edges of a diamond in a precious ring!

Opportunities

Composition, dynamics, rhythm - all these are quite specific means that allow you to significantly change the characteristics of the elements of the form through the pattern of alternation of divisions, volumes, edges, and therefore they are used not only and not so much by painters as by designers invading our everyday and festive life - home and production, social and intimate.

Rhythmic are the pattern of the plaid, the ornament of the vase, the cherries on the cake, as well as the slender rows of looms in the weaving factory and the painting of the walls and ceilings in the workshop, even the buttons on any control panel are arranged rhythmically. The simplest manifestations of rhythm and the most complex are equally realized in the characteristic repetitions of the same forms at the same intervals (antique columns, for example, and balconies and windows of any building), this can be observed everywhere. Rhythm is a means of composition, it can be calm and disturbing, it is directed in different ways, depending onwhat the creator set for himself.

Use

The rhythm directed to one side, found in the technique of ornamental borders and converging in the center, like patterns of a tray, tablecloth, stucco rosette on the ceiling or pattern of a box, can be vertical and horizontal. The vertical has less compositional complexity, since all changes in rhythm already contribute to visual completion. And the composition is more difficult to build horizontally - rhythm, symmetry are problematic both at the beginning and at the end.

If articulations occur frequently, the rhythm turns out to be restless, horizontally they visually reduce the height of the object, vertically - on the contrary, the object looks even higher. The desired can be obtained only with the correct use of all the possibilities that the rhythm conveys to the artist, which must certainly be thought through and felt: this is the alternation of color spots, volumes, elements, details that direct the movement of the gaze according to the plan. Everything is important here: form, rhythm, color, composition, dynamics, space.

Composition organization

The stronger the rhythmic regularity in the composition, the more actively the space is organized. Rhythm is less expressed if changes in the alternations or in the form of the elements themselves are hardly noticeable, but if the changes are active, then the rhythmic principle can become fundamental in the composition. Very widely, for example, color is used to create rhythm: in production, thisIt is played up quite often in the coloring of premises, workplaces, communications, even uniforms. Thus, a certain color climate is created.

The simplest forms of rhythm, as well as symmetry, are loved by Russian folk art. More complex rhythmic patterns can be characterized by a pattern of change in forms, as well as intervals between forms, or both change at the same time. The meter, that is, the equality of elements that are located at equal distances, like spans of bridges, cooperates very actively with rhythm. Three categories come from here - rhythmic order, metrical order and metrorhythmic order, which determine the types of rhythms in the composition.

Metric orders

The endless repetition of this or that metric series can quickly get boring, seem tedious and monotonous. To solve this problem, there are decreasing and increasing rhythms, as well as different metric orders in compositional combination. Using these techniques, you can achieve the necessary diversity and not lose unity. It must be remembered that the rhythm is the movement of the composition.

The definition of rhythm is the alternation of elements. When it comes to composition, uniformity is essential. And the uniformity of the alternation of elements in the composition is called meter. The simplest meter - the same elements and spaces in size. If the intervals are changed, the complexity and expressiveness of the rhythm increases. Alternation can occur with a regular acceleration or deceleration, as well as without regularity and regularity, when there is no meter between the elements. However, there will be rhythm in this song.

Composition in the interior

It is not enough to find beautiful parquet and wallpaper, purchase lamps and arrange furniture to make the interior extraordinary and at the same time harmonious. Otherwise, the room may well turn out to be similar to a branch of a furniture store. Here it is necessary to use the laws of building an artistic composition. What is it?

This is the connection of all the parts present into one whole with the help of some idea. Then the form will be accurate and harmonious. For interior design, you need the same knowledge as for painting an oil painting. First comes the idea. Here any of these concepts can serve as an idea: symmetry, asymmetry, dominant, rhythm, statics, dynamics. You can choose one thing. And then think and add something else.

Symmetry

When the elements in the composition are equally spaced relative to the axis, this is symmetry, which is usually perceived by the eyes as orderliness and harmony. A person is born symmetrical, which is why he strives for a certain mirror image in his environment.

However, the balance of the interior does not lie in two identical sofas facing each other. The tone and scale are important here. Symmetry is also affected by the arrangement of architectural details - doors and windows, corners and niches.

Asymmetry

Asymmetry in structure is opposite, which means that it should subconsciously cause some kind of anxiety. Wavy walls, sharp corners, inclined planes and should strain. For example, a residential interior is not a very fertile field for experiments, and therefore it is better to fill the space symmetrically, but add asymmetry with decor.

You can diversify the picture of the interior, opposing massive furniture and medium-sized (scale), you can combine dark surfaces with light ones, muted colors with bright ones. If the furniture is not installed symmetrically for some reason, then an eye-catching center is needed - a group of lamps or a fireplace.

Rhythm and dominant

Movement that can be continued indefinitely - this will be the rhythm in the interior. Horizontally - these are belts, friezes and cornices, vertically - arches and columns. In the interior, this is a group of furniture that most often sets a certain rhythm. Magnificent reception - interruption of a rhythm. For example, in a row of white identical chairs, suddenly one is the same, but black or colored. A rhythmic composition is good if the color fades away, not moving away, but approaching the viewer.

Dominant - the visual center that catches the eye first, only then a person begins to see and consider the rest. The dominant can be expressed in color or scale. Nevertheless, the dominant must necessarily be in the closest connection with the rest of the elements, otherwise the composition will fall apart. That is why the color of the dominant must be supported with accessories or textiles. And of course, the dominant is not at all the center in the literal sense of the word, that is, it can be located anywhere, and not necessarily in the center of the room.

Static anddynamics

Static - the absence of diagonals and non-linear surfaces, where horizontal elements predominate: low cabinets, heavy and deep sofas - everything that the eye falls on looks stable and squat, stable and balanced. Most often, the interiors are decorated in a classic style. However, a static interior does not mean boring. Usually there are a lot of possible experiments in decoration and selection of accessories.

In a room where the presence of youth and fun is expected, you can and should add elements that accompany dynamics, that is, movement. It also uses asymmetric furniture arrangement, clear geometric shapes, a lot of free space, diagonals in the layout of tiles or parquet. Vertical lines will create a feeling of lightness, flight, aspiration upwards. Dynamic interiors love modern style, because the violated laws of composition in interiors appeared only recently - in the twentieth century.

At artists

Painters use rhythm not only as a beginning that organizes the composition, but also as an aesthetic component of the whole work. It is with the help of rhythm that it acquires musical and poetic properties, which are inseparable from artistry. The effectiveness of the rhythmic beginning is based on the main laws of composition, on contrasts - color and tonal in painting and volumetric in sculpture. At the same time, the rhythm separates one component from another, and binds them together - all according to the law of contrast. This is where the law of wholeness comes from, and eventhe compositional law of life itself.

The artist penetrates the inner movement, not limited to the outer. With the help of rhythm, that is, a certain order in the depiction of ordinary objects, the aesthetic side of the depicted is emphasized, the beauty of both familiar and new objects is revealed.

Each work is the discovery of a new picture of the world, and it is foreseen, and this foresight is born due to the work of the rhythmic beginning. Repetition, always present, reminds of the past and prepares for the next.