Features and types of decorative composition

2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25

Composition is the most important component necessary for the organization of any kind of art form - three-dimensional, pictorial or literary. This element allows you to give the work unity and integrity, subordinating all its details to each other, correlating them with the general idea of the artist.

What, in this case, is referred to as a decorative composition? This is a composition that has a high degree of expressiveness. At the same time, it includes elements of abstraction and stylization, which greatly enhances its emotional and sensual perception.

A decorative composition is created in order to achieve maximum expressiveness of the image. To obtain the desired result, the artist partially or completely refuses the authenticity of the drawing. The end result of this process is to get something new that cannot be found in the outside world.

Decorative and applied composition is formed based on the purpose of the thing. Only after the usefulness of the product is determined, andall the necessary forms are also indicated, the master endows him with artistic qualities. Such a creative attitude to things is realized with the help of decor. At the same time, the composition of decorative art can be attributed to one of its three pictorial types. Among them are a plot and symbolic image, as well as an ornament. In addition, the whole variety of compositions is conditionally divided into linear, frontal, volumetric and spatial. Let's take a closer look at them.

Story image

Under the decorative composition of this type is understood the pattern that the master applied to the surface of the product. At the same time, such an image tells the viewer about a certain event, action or phenomenon.

The plot-decorative composition is most often presented in the form of painting applied to various products of applied art. You can also meet her on architectural structures. Drawing a decorative plot composition is a very laborious process. However, its result is one of the most amazing in its beauty types of organization of art forms. The source for plots used by the author is truly inexhaustible. Here are festivities and dates, feasts and gatherings, farewells and departures, scenes from life, illustrations for fairy tales and much more.

Stained-glass windows are one of the varieties of plot images. This name comes from the French word vitrage, which means "glass". Such a plot-decorative composition is placed in a door or window, and is also made inthe form of an independent panel. The drawing is applied to glass or other material that transmits light. Colored stained-glass windows are often placed in windows. An example of this is the openings in Gothic cathedrals. Such products are able to create a play of light painted in different colors in the interior.

Symbolic image

Sometimes a decorative composition is not connected with the transmission of this or that action. On the contrary, it denotes some kind of allegory, concept or idea. Such an image is called symbolic.

The coats of arms of Russian cities can serve as an example. Badges and orders are also decorative symbols.

Ornament

This kind of decorating items in arts and crafts is the most specific. The word "ornament" comes from the Latin ornamentium, which means "decoration". This is a pattern that consists of rhythmically ordered components. The ornament is intended for decorating clothes, furniture, weapons, household utensils, etc. Sometimes it is used when painting objects of applied art, as well as architectural structures.

The creation of a decorative composition in the form of an ornament can be based on the choice of one of its three varieties - mesh, closed or ribbon. The decorative elements that are used in such a pattern are usually found by craftsmen in nature. It can be animals, fruits and leaves. Often you can find a decorative composition with flowers. Sometimes, for elements of the ornament, the artist takes objects that were created by human hands.

The shape chosen to create the drawing needs to go through complex transformation processes. As a result, it is liberated from everything random and superfluous. This allows each element to become as expressive as possible.

When constructing a decorative composition of an ornament, the balance of its background and motifs, the rhythm in the alternation of color spots, as well as the strict sequence in their placement are of great importance.

Linear composition

This type of image construction organization is also called planar. In this case, the content of the drawing is conveyed by the artist with the help of lines that have a certain look and character. If they have a horizontal orientation, then the composition is distinguished by its stability. If the picture contains vertical or oblique lines, then the image looks dynamic.

When applied to the shape of a simple geometric pattern, it looks strict. If the image is made using complex curved lines, then this determines the mobility and plasticity of its character.

Front composition

This organization of the image develops in two directions at once, which are located on the plane horizontally and vertically. At the same time, the depth of the drawing has no explicit expression. This is the main feature of the frontal composition.

Create it using flat elements. Sometimes the details of the image crash into one another. In this case, they speak of their active interaction. Sometimes elements of the frontalThe compositions are just intertwined. Their interaction is considered passive.

The distance between the details of the picture in the frontal composition should be chosen so that the visual relationship between them is not destroyed. This will keep the decorative image from falling apart.

Together, all the elements of the frontal composition form either a smooth surface or are capable of creating a kind of transitional state between a flat and three-dimensional pattern. Relief is a prime example of this. It is also considered a volumetric-frontal composition.

Relief is understood as a convex pattern located on a plane. At the same time, several types of it are distinguished:

• bas-relief, which is an ornament or sculptural image, slightly protruding above the plane;
• high relief protruding three-quarters above the surface;
• reverse embossment, slightly recessed in relation to the main background;
• relief that is on the same horizontal with the plane, but at the same time has deeply incised contours.

Very often the frontal composition is used to create various decorative pieces. Including murals and carpets, in mosaics and in stained glass, in realistic and abstract painting.

3D composition

In this case, for decorative images on the plane, in addition to the vertical and horizontal directions, the depth is also relevant. This technique leads to the creation of a three-dimensional form. The composition in this case isthree-dimensional. The viewer can view it from all sides. Moreover, the more space around such an image, the more clearly its plastic configuration and general appearance appear.

This form looks dense and monumental. Its internal space is kept to a minimum. In the case of increasing the distance between the elements of this form, it becomes even more dynamic and open.

If a three-dimensional drawing is depicted on a plane, then in order to convey the surface of the object to the viewer, the technique of chiaroscuro is used.

Space composition

In this type of image, the dimensions of the space where the objects are placed are predominant. But it is worth noting that the value in this composition of any element, even the smallest one, is quite large.

Space can be organized in two ways:

1. Inside the boundaries that are formed by the objects. This is a closed space. Examples include the architecture of city squares surrounded by houses or the interior design of museum halls.
2. Around objects. In this case, we talk about open space. For example, the rock garden located in Kyoto, or the Egyptian pyramids, "holding" huge distances around them.

The main elements with which it is possible to create a spatial composition are:

• volumes that shape space;
• materials used to form objects.

SoBy volumetric composition we mean a three-dimensional closed form that a person is able to perceive from all sides. It can be, for example, a sculpture, a costume or an object created by masters of arts and crafts. The main role here belongs to the tectonic regularities of the composition, as well as its three-dimensional structure. This includes the proportionality of the whole and parts, material, weight, etc. How expressive a three-dimensional form will be depends largely on its interaction with the outside world.

Features of decorative composition

When working on a drawing, the artist tries to make it so that the very first moment of perception of the picture by the viewer arouses the latter's increased interest in the content. Such an effect becomes possible due to the correctly chosen format, the size of the work itself, the color and texture of the painting.

The most important compositional task is to highlight the main thing. So, the movements and gestures of the characters, as well as the direction of their views, allow you to find the main character. Light and color contrast are the means of expression.

Knowing the compositional features and patterns that have been discovered by generations of artists over the centuries, it is possible to build the whole organism of a work in such a way as to influence the feelings and mind of people. The means and techniques used at the same time activate creative activity and develop artistic abilities. That is why the basics of decorative composition on fine arts in preschool institutions and inschools. As a means of highlighting the main idea of the picture, they use:

1. Rhythm. In the life around us, various forms of its manifestation, as a rule, are in motion, moving in space. By observing this, our eyes perceive space in its extent. As a result, a person develops a vision of a certain connection that exists between the movement and the size of the surrounding world. In the picture, a similar perception is caused by images of a number of figures. Associatively, the viewer has an idea about their movement. It is the repetition in the alternation of figures that is called rhythm.
2. Symmetry. Translated from Greek, this term means "proportion", as well as "harmony". Symmetry is one of the most important features of a decorative composition. Nature itself gives us an idea of this remedy. For example, the structure of a butterfly is symmetrical. After all, all its right parts are equal to the left and are equally located if we consider them relative to the middle. A similar pattern can be seen in plants, which allows the use of symmetry in the construction of decorative flower arrangements.
3. Balance. The viewer's eyes always perceive one or more objects as a whole. That is, first of all, a person considers the location of an object in space. This leads to the fact that the viewer perceives this or that object in the picture as light or heavy. A small mass will have objects with jagged contours and a surface painted in light colors. They will appear heavy with large sizes, a simplified form and a dark color. the simplestthe means of achieving balance in the decorative composition is symmetry. It can also be achieved with certain combinations of “heavy” and “light” figures. It is worth noting that the beauty and vitality of the drawing to a large extent depends on the balance.
4. Asymmetry. Sometimes in a figure or in an object it is impossible to find elements that were located at the same distance from an imaginary axis. In this case, there is asymmetry. Such a tool allows you to give the picture dynamics and indicates the potential for movement in the composition.
5. Contrast. In each subject, you can find several signs and qualities that have opposite sides. This difference is called contrast. This means of decorative composition allows you to enhance the feeling of opposition of objects, their parts or features. That is why contrast is used to divide an object into separate parts. Such a technique allows the artist to select from a group of elements the one on which he wants to focus the attention of the viewer.
6. Nuance. In the case of using a contrasting combination of features, the object becomes very noticeable, but at the same time, the viewer's eyes quickly get tired, and for a long time he does not consider such an object. In order for an object to have the appearance of a harmonious and holistic organism, the consistency and proportionality of all its parts, as well as their similarity and kinship, is necessary. This is the main essence of the nuance. It, like contrast, manifests itself in movement and size, in shape, color, texture, lightness and design.

Drawing the composition "Horsesgrazing"

In kindergartens and elementary grades of schools, drawing classes are held that contribute to the development of artistic creativity of the younger generation. At one of these lessons, it is recommended to draw up a decorative plot composition “Horses are grazing”. What is the program content of such a lesson? Drawing the decorative plot composition “Horses Graze” is designed to teach children to correctly position all the elements of the drawing, varying their location on the sheet, as well as their sizes. In addition, students should develop light and fluid movements when drawing contours. When working on the decorative plot composition “Horses Grazing”, it is also necessary to develop the ability of children to accurately paint over existing images.

When conducting a lesson, the teacher is recommended to consider with the students the simplest ceramic products of folk craftsmen depicting horses. In this case, it is worth paying attention to the composition of the students. Each child should be asked to arrange the elements of the picture according to their own vision.

Drawing the decorative plot composition "Horses graze" should be started with a reminder of how to display ceramic figures on paper. Children need to move the pencil across the sheet smoothly and smoothly. In this case, none of the lines should be drawn twice. At first, children draw animal figures with a simple pencil. This will allow you to check if they turned out well. Only after that you can start coloring the contours. Finished work should be posted on the board and be sure toconsider them together with the children.

Creating the Frost on Trees pattern

For the development of the creative abilities of children, it is important to teach them to draw pictures of nature on paper. That is why in one of the classes on fine arts it is recommended to make a winter decorative composition. This will allow children to transfer on paper the structure of a wide variety of trees covered with frost. Such activities are designed to develop an aesthetic perception in every child, making him want to admire the beauties of the winter landscape.

At the beginning of the lesson, the teacher should talk to the children about frost, which often occurs on trees in winter. It is also desirable to show the students a reproduction of illustrations and paintings in which this phenomenon can be seen. Children should be encouraged to start their drawing with snow on the ground and then use the charcoal pencil for the trees.