Andrey Platonovich Platonov: biography and creativity, photo

2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25

Among writers there are those whose work is not recognized during their lifetime, because it does not correspond to the views of their time. But years or decades pass, and their works receive a worthy place in the history of literature. These writers include Andrei Platonovich Platonov, whose biography is a vivid confirmation of this. He lived a difficult life. His creative work suffered blow after blow. And only in the 80s of the 20th century did world recognition come to him.

Childhood and youth

Andrey Platonovich Platonov, whose biography begins in 1899, was born into a poor, large family of a station mechanic Klimentov (Platonov's real name) in the city of Voronezh. The fate of the child was largely bleak. Constant need and concern for brothers and sisters force the boy at the age of 14 to start working at the railway station with his father. There he masters a variety of professions.

EducationAndrei Platonovich received at the parochial school, and after he began working at the station, he studied and worked in parallel. This suggests that even in a difficult situation, helping his family, he did not lose his thirst for knowledge, but, on the contrary, mastered new professions and studied. Around the same time, the creative activity of Andrei Platonovich began. Naturally, the hard work at the station, like the station itself, is quite strongly deposited in the mind of a young man and subsequently often appears in his work.

Labor and Literature

Next Andrei Platonovich Platonov, whose biography and work were closely intertwined with labor and a difficult life from an early time, begins to work fruitfully as a journalist and writer. At the same time, he studies at the Voronezh Polytechnic University and works at the railway station. Undoubted literary talent is manifested already at this time. His collection of poems Blue Depth (1922) is published.

A brief biography of Andrei Platonovich Platonov continues with the fact that his life at that time is directly related to work for the benefit of the Voronezh province. He still does not stop working at the railway station, in addition, he works as a meliorator. His aspirations are similar to those of many young people. He wants to change the world for the better, he believes in technological progress. He is characterized by youthful maximalism, which is clearly visible in his literary work.

Surprisingly, at work he does not forget about writingactivity. His stories are full of the same youthful maximalism and faith in technological progress, but he does not forget about such a native village for himself. Besides the fact that he actively writes for Voronezh newspapers and magazines, he is published in Moscow newspapers.

Biography of Andrei Platonovich Platonov is still full of vigorous literary activity, he publishes his stories about the village "In the Starry Desert" (1921) and "Chuldik and Epishka" (1920). But his inventive mindset is also actively manifested in writing and results in science fiction stories and novels: "Descendants of the Sun" (1922), "Markun" (1922), "Moon Bomb" (1926).

Moscow

The brief biography of Andrei Platonovich Platonov, which we are compiling, continues. In 1927 he and his family moved to the city of Moscow. The decision was quite conscious, Platonov leaves work at the railway station and devotes himself entirely to writing.

Fruitful literary activity is bearing fruit, and the story “Epifan Gateways” is published, which later gives the name to a whole collection of stories and short stories. In the works of that period there is a lot of the harsh reality of the then Russia. The author without embellishment revises his youthful idealistic and maximalist views, criticizes himself.

In addition to criticizing the social foundations of that time, Platonov spoke sharply about radicalism in the field of sex, in connection with this, the pamphlet "Antisexus" (1928) was published. Here the author ridicules socialist ideasrejection of carnal love in favor of socially useful activities. The author rather boldly speaks in favor of the authorities and their ideas.

At the same time, a completely unique style of Platonov was formed, the main feature of which, surprisingly, is some tongue-tied and direct words and phrases. Due to such an unusual and truly unique style, the words turn to the reader with their true meaning. No one else in Russian literature has a similar manner of writing.

In addition to style, Platonov changes the semantic component of his works. Now the former maximalism and faith in a brighter future are giving way to philosophical searches for the eternal meaning of life. The heroes of Platonov's works are strange, lonely, searching people, travelers, eccentric inventors, thoughtful, eccentric loners.

In this vein, the biography of Andrey Platonovich Platonov develops and is reflected in the works published at that time from his pen - in the story "Yamskaya Sloboda" of 1927, for example. This is a kind of reference to his old rustic style, but revised and reworked under the influence of new philosophies. "City of Gradov" in 1928 is a satire on the Soviet bureaucratic system. The Secret Man, 1928, is about a wandering man who contemplates being against the backdrop of a raging civil war. In these works, Platonov sets out his search for the algorithm of existence, very clearly traced the life of a person, its fragility and the proximity of disappearance.

Criticism and disorder

It is not surprising that at that time such prosenot recognized by the authorities. Pretty soon, Andrei Platonovich Platonov, whose biography was already not very simple, found himself out of work in writing. It all started with the fact that the policy towards literature became much tougher, which coincided with the publication of the essay "Che-Che-O" and the story "Doubting Makar" in 1929, after which Platonov was accused of anarcho-individualism. It was completely discontinued in print. Even Maxim Gorky, whom Platonov turned to for help, could not change the situation.

The writer was haunted by everyday troubles. His family was deprived of their own housing for a long time and was forced to wander around rented apartments for quite a long time. And only in 1931 was found permanent housing - an outbuilding at the mansion on Tverskoy Boulevard. Today it is the Herzen Literary Institute. Hard times and rejection of the authorities, of course, had a negative impact on the situation of the family.

Indefatigable worker

Despite all the difficulties that have piled on, Platonov continues to work on the novel "Chevengur", but, of course, at that time it was not possible to publish the novel. It happened only in 1971, in Paris, after the death of the author.

The content of the novel describes the utopian commune of Chevengur and the life in it of heroes who end up there after long wanderings and hardships. Life in the commune is truly ideal, everyone is happy and equal among themselves. Simply incrediblethe spectacle is destroyed with the arrival of the army and soldiers, who destroy all the inhabitants, including the commune. The novel and everything that happens in it is a reflection of the reality in which Platonov finds himself. Naturally, the reality is not at all as rosy as we would like, but meanwhile the similarities are very tangible. In addition, in the novel, Platonov does not lose his corporate style and language. Some critics say that this style of presentation is not successful and makes it difficult to see the storyline of the work.

Thirties

Andrey Platonovich Platonov, whose biography is closely connected with political changes in the country, most clearly showed his literary talent in the thirties of the twentieth century. In 1930, Platonov released his main masterpiece - the story "The Pit", which for the first time will be published only in 1987. This is a socialist dystopia that tells about the failed industrialization, the tragic collapse of communism and its ideas. In the story, instead of a palace, a collective grave was built. Brodsky wrote that Platonov subordinated himself to the language of the era.

Fractures

Meanwhile, the social situation in the country was getting tougher, it did not bypass Platonov either. At this time, his story “For the future” is published, which describes the failed collectivization, as well as the story “Garbage Wind” on anti-fascist topics. Unfortunately, the first received a sharp assessment from Stalin, the second also did not produce its effect. Andrei Platonovich Platonov, whose biography does not please the writer with happy events, was again persecuted. They stop printing it again.

In the mid-thirties of the twentieth century, Andrei Platonovich Platonov, whose brief biography is full of difficulties in this period of time, writes mainly to the table, because he is not published.

All on the table

Despite this, he works hard and very fruitfully. The novel "Happy Moscow" and the play "Voice of the Father" are being created. He also writes many literary articles about such writers as Pushkin, Paustovsky, Akhmatova, Green, Hemingway and others. Next, the story “The Juvenile Sea” is created, the theme here is close to both “The Pit” and “Chevengur”, then another play appears - “The Barrel Organ”.

In his works, Platonov gradually moves away from social themes and moves on to emotional experiences and dramas. He writes a whole series of lyrical stories, including "The Potudan River", "Aphrodite", as well as "The Clay House in the District Garden" and "Fro". Here the author enhances the psychological modeling of the characters, the deep reading of which replaces the author's ironic attitude towards love.

Everything shows that a writer named Andrei Platonovich Platonov had a difficult biography. He also writes for children, and very successfully, a great example of this is the story "Semyon" about compassion and orphanhood.

In 1933-35 Andrei Platonovich Platonov made a trip to Turkmenistan. A short biography of the writer reports this. Under the impressions of the trip, he writes the story "Jan" in his usual manner of soci altragedy with new lyrical notes. Vivid speech turns and even sound writing in this work make it surprisingly rich and rhythmic.

Punch by Punch

In 1937, there is a barely noticeable glimpse in the work of a writer named Andrei Platonovich Platonov. The biography, a summary of which is set out in the article, is marked by a pleasant event for him. The writer publishes a collection of his stories "The Potudan River". But the author's expectations were not justified. The collection was criticized. In addition, in 1938, a case was fabricated against Platonov's only son, and the guy was arrested.

War

During the war, Andrey Platonovich Platonov, whose biography, interesting facts from whose life have always interested fans of his work, becomes a correspondent for the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper. But even here his story "The Ivanov Family" caused sharp discontent and was recognized as a slander against the Soviet family.

Last years of life

After the war, Andrei Platonovich Platonov, whose biography, photos and other facts from the life of which went to descendants, could not adequately settle in literature. In an attempt to realize himself in the realities of life, he wrote variations on Russian folk tales. In addition, he created the play "Noah's Ark". However, time does not give him the opportunity to become popular during his lifetime. In 1951, Platonov dies of tuberculosis, infected by his son, who was released from the camp.

Recognition

Platonov was not recognized by his contemporaries. However, in the 1980s, his bright originality aroused world interest in him. His amazing language and style of presentation,as well as a difficult life path finally found their admirers and were appreciated. Despite this, many of Platonov's works have yet to be published.