2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25
Surely each of us has heard such a thing as "futurism". A certain abstract image of something fantastic, new, irrational immediately arises. To avoid guesswork, let's jump straight into this art style.
What is "futurism"?
In general, futurism is a common name for a literary and artistic style at the beginning of the 20th century, which arose initially in Italy, and then in Russia. Futurists erected a kind of prototype of the future, while the fundamental principle of which was the destruction of cultural stereotypes. We can say that they were a kind of revolutionaries in art, since the goal was the general renewal of the ideology and the ethical outlook of all predecessors in creative activity. This radical program challenged the entire artistic heritage, while not at all content with the demands for the absolute autonomy of art. They did not just put forward a new model of the world order, they recreated a new prototype of technology and urbanism.
Futurism in 20th century painting
It can be said that futurism in painting isslight contempt for academicism, contributing to the manifestation of non-static and uniqueness. The initial leaders in painting were such artists as Hugo Boccioni, Carlo Carra, Gino Severini, Giacomo Balla. The method of execution is very similar to cubism and expressionism, but the visualization of the social and political movement has become distinctive. Futurist artists sought to recreate such a picture that could transfer the viewer to the other side of the dimension, transfer it to the center of the image, so that the spatiality would become tangible and the movement sharper. Most often, geometric figures were displayed on the canvases, which were very multifaceted. A kind of kaleidoscope illusion was created, the color scheme of which was unusually versatile.
The unusual color spectrum in the works of futuristic artists
Futurism in painting is not only compositions of figures. A peculiar characteristic is the color spectrum, the diversity of which allows you to create a characteristic handwriting of the artist. Someone used bright colors, neglecting the mixing of colors, someone preferred relatively monotonous tones. Thus, the artists displayed abstract art, the purpose of which was to create dynamic compositions through the visualization of such physical phenomena as energy, speed, and even sound. The peculiarity of these compositions is the absence of specific content, the artist first of all sought to evoke free associations in the viewer, entailing different thoughts and emotions.
Futurism in Russian painting
Like orientationFuturism existed in the visual arts until the early 1920s. Russian artists during this period turned out to be very in tune with their own quests, since they often stayed in Europe. Creative figures found a personal response in the manifestos of the futurists of Italian origin, but at the same time they differed in their ideology. Russian futurist artists were independent of Western artists, for example, they sang not the superiority of technology, but the loneliness of people among machines. Just from that moment, Russian artists began to resort to the experience of traditional art and began to actively work on creating images of active modern life in all its simplicity. We can say with confidence that for artists, futurism in painting is a means of self-expression, self-assertion.
Representatives of futurism in painting
In Russia, the first representatives of futurism to support this movement were the Burliuk brothers.
They manage to portray incredibly vivid images. It turns out that the brothers not only created more and more new works, but were also the founders of new groups among artists who popularized the new trend. After the circle of heirs began to grow rapidly. We know such popular futurist artists as N. Burlyuki, M. Larionov, N. Goncharova, M. Matyushin, N. Kulbin, A. Exter, M. F. Larionov, N. S. Goncharova, K. Malevich. In the works of these representatives, we can observe the multidimensionality of perspective, the combination of which each viewer sees in his own way.
Futurism inpainting. Pictures
"Harvesting the Rye", 1912). One of the atypical cubo-futuristic creations was the vivid portraits of Vladimir and David Burliukov in Vasily Kamensky's book "Tango with Cows" (1914).
At this time, literature harmoniously adjoined the fine arts. Poets of the futuristic direction resorted to the visualization of artists, as a result of which general works appeared.
An example of one of Malevich's works - "The Aviator" (1914)
Let's look at one of the works. The characteristic of this picture is essentially similar: the geometrization of the depicted picture is similar for Cubist artists. But for futurists, that is, cubo-futurists, geometrization plays the least role, and it is not always inherent. In Malevich's painting, we see a geometrized figure of a man, chained in some kind of metal armor. In the upper part of the picture we see the image of a fork, here there is a saw, a playing card and a signboard. This whole image seems to be floating, floating. Each work carries a symbol, and this creation is no exception. It can be said that the depicted objects symbolize the specificity of aviation in its first years. As if the figure of the aeronaut itself soars. The space itself seems to consist only of multi-colored planes and volumes in the form of a cylinder.
After the war period, every "surviving" artist is a futuristmoving in his direction. It can be said that, as an artistic movement, futurism began to gradually lose its relevance, and in general, it exhausted its formal implementation and ideas. But futurism in painting is a whole era in the history of art. It was through creativity that the figures sought to change the world, to translate the worldview of people from a different angle through self-expression and the depth of symbols. Incidents of social issues simply built philosophy, which had an impact not only on painting and literature, but also on cinema, video art, and, of course, theatrical art.
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