Works by M. V. Lomonosov: list, description, meaning

2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25

Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov is one of the brightest personalities of the 18th century. He was an outstanding scientist, journalist and philologist. Lomonosov's works are still of interest to scientists all over the world and represent a striking phenomenon in the history of culture and science.

Short biography

Lomonosov was born in the family of an ordinary peasant-fisherman. Mikhail received his education at a local school from a church deacon. The mother of the future scientist died early, and his father remarried. Relations with the stepmother did not develop. They often fought, and the very atmosphere in the house was unpleasant for Mikhail.

Lomonosov studies a lot on his own and reads a lot. When he finds out that his father wants to marry him, he pretends to be sick, and then leaves for Moscow to study. He graduated from the best educational institution of the Russian Empire at that time - the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy. Being one of the best students, he was sent to the university at the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg, and then to Germany, where he studied mining, metallurgy, chemistry and other sciences. AfterReturning to Russia, Lomonosov was enrolled in the Academy of Sciences. At this time, he creates the first research laboratories in Russia, and also organizes a university, which later received his name.

Circle of interests

Engineering, languages, mathematics, mechanics, philosophy - this is not a complete list of sciences that Lomonosov was interested in. Classicism, whose works were aimed at rigor, hierarchy and clarity, opened up many opportunities for the future scientist. He also independently studied literature, versification and philology.

Lomonosov was a man who can safely be called a man of universal knowledge. He was interested in literally everything, and he tried to learn everything that was possible in each particular science. The works of M. V. Lomonosov played a very important role in the development of physics and chemistry, and also had a strong influence on the Russian language.

Lomonosov and philology

Linguistics and philology are important topics to which Lomonosov's works are devoted. The list includes works on the creation of a phonetic system of the Russian language, as well as an attempt to completely systematize the national literature and language.

The scientist assigns an important role to versification. His first work on this topic is “A Letter on the Rules of Russian Poetry”. The work is written in a clear and lively style, characterizes the rhythm and pettiness of the Russian language. This work allows us to call Lomonosov the author of Russian versification. He showed his talentin the poem “On the Capture of Khotin”, which fully meets all the theoretical presentations of the author. The work “Rhetoric” also deserves attention.

Throughout his work, the scientist pays special attention to the harmonious comparison of the content of poems with their artistic form. He also argued that you need to focus not on popular destinations, but look for something of your own. It is the national features of the language that make it unique. However, he also said that the Russian language should be independent, but not cut off from the rest of the world, so all European achievements and advanced ideas should also be taken into account.

Literary Theory

Lomonosov's works laid the foundation for the Russian national theory of literature. A particularly important role here is played by the development of methods of versification by scientists.

Lomonosov offers three-syllable variants to the existing iambic and chorea - dactyl, anapaest and amphibrach. The scientist also argued that a variety of rhymes can be used in poetry, and not just male and female, which Trediakovsky wrote about.

Lomonosov's poetry

Poet is another profession that Lomonosov has mastered well. The works, the list of which is quite impressive, clearly show the national self-expression of the author. He was the first to discover those features of Russian poetry, which were subsequently continued and more deeply revealed by his followers. We are talking about such characteristics as optimism, citizenship, interest in the historical past, faith in the bestthe future and more.

Lomonosov's works played several roles at once: they were used for civic education, and also as a method of influencing society. This is due to the role of enlightenment, which played a very important role in the work and life of the scientist. Regardless of which works of Lomonosov are considered, all of them directly or indirectly carry this in themselves. The following works deserve special attention: "Conversation with Anacreon", "Peter the Great", "Inscription on the illumination" and others.

Journalism

Lomonosov's works, the list of which is simply amazing, also concern journalism. Enlightenment played a very important role in the activities of the scientist, he understood that it was the press that was responsible for the dissemination and propaganda of information. At that time, the newspaper "Sankt-Peterburgskiye Vedomosti" was published in Russia, together with which a small supplement "Historical, Genealogical and Geographical Notes" was published. It was this part that was entrusted to Lomonosov for editing.

Later, on the initiative of a scientist at the Academy of Sciences, the first scientific journal “Monthly works for the benefit and entertainment of employees” is published, intended for a wide range of readers. The emphasis was on being interesting and accessible to people who are not involved in science.

The role of a scientist in the formation of the Russian literary language

The development of the national language is an important topic thatLomonosov. The works, the list of which is simply huge, point to two important innovations. Firstly, this is the development of the syllabic-tonic system of versification, and secondly, the development of the theory of three styles, according to which the entire Russian language can be divided into three larger parts. The author suggests the following styles:

• High. For this, generally accepted and Church Slavonic words are used.
• Medium. Assumes the use of only generally accepted words.
• Low. Using only colloquial words.

According to this, styles could be used to form different genres:

• High - ode, heroic poem, tragedy.
• Medium - drama and lyrics.
• Low - comedy, satire, fable.

As for the scientist himself, he undoubtedly preferred high style. The works of Lomonosov, among which the odes occupy a separate place, clearly illustrate this. Accordingly, for his works, the author used only church and generally accepted vocabulary, excluding simple spoken language.

Mikhail Lomonosov is an outstanding personality not only in Russian but also in world science. This man was the bearer of encyclopedic knowledge, and also was the author of many theories in various sciences.