Do you know Pushkin's pseudonym?

2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25

Pseudonyms help to better understand the work of poets and writers, to learn more about their biography. Many writers are known by names that are not given to them at birth: Maxim Gorky (A. M. Peshkov), Anatole France (Anatole Thibault). The article is devoted to answering the question: "What was Pushkin's pseudonym?"

A bit of theory

While keeping their surname in their work, writers and poets still use fictitious names – pseudonyms when signing individual works. Why is this being done?

• For the purpose of deceiving censorship.
• Due to class prejudices.
• If there are known namesakes.
• For comic effect.
• To give the name sonority and the necessary associations.
• When trying the pen. It is interesting to know Pushkin's pseudonym in his youth, when he did not know how much readers would like his works.

B. Dmitriev wrote a monograph on "false names" - "Hiding their name." In it, he identified 57 types of pseudonyms used by authors. For example, anonymous, when the name is read in reverse order: Ivan Krylov - Navi Volyrk; cryptonyms when initials or other abbreviations are used: K. N. Batyushkov - B-ov.

Poet's family

Pushkin's legacy is still the subject of research by scientists who are making new discoveries and trying to explain why the literary genius used this or that signature. His name is overgrown with myths and legends, one of which is connected with the fact that he did not die in a duel, but worked later under the name of Dumas. To understand who he was for Russia, you need to get a little closer to his roots. Alexander Pushkin comes from a family with a rich pedigree. His great-grandfather, Abram Gannibal, was a "pupil" of Peter I. His father, Sergei Lvovich, left military service in order to realize himself in literary work. Was a famous poet and uncle Vasily Lvovich, one of the first to recognize the talent of his nephew.

Noble origin and a respected surname that I wanted to glorify, led to the fact that the author did not take a permanent pseudonym. Pushkin was forced to put someone else's signature under a number of works by other circumstances. The poet's family was not we althy, but under the patronage of A. I. Turgenev, the young man was among the offspring of the best noble families sent to a new educational institution - the Lyceum, located in the wing of the Tsarskoye Selo Palace, which was a sign of the highest goodwill.

Lyceum period

He became one of 30 gifted young men who entered the first year on 1811-19-10 to serve in the futurethe good of the Fatherland in departments, in the army and navy. For six years, the future great poet was among the excellent teachers of that time, who encouraged reading and paid attention to moral, physical and aesthetic education. All pupils composed beautifully, the verses of one of them - A. Delvig - were set to music and turned into the anthem of the Lyceum. It was here that the poetic talent of the future genius flourished.

He was not successful in mathematical disciplines, but he was the first in the lessons of Russian literature. His talent was noted by: the great G. Derzhavin, the historian N. Karamzin, the outstanding poet V. Zhukovsky. Pushkin's pseudonym appeared on the pages of printed publications already in the lyceum years. These were the magazines Vestnik Evropy, Son of the Fatherland and the Russian Museum.

First publication

The poem "To a friend of a poet" was written by a young man at the age of 14. According to one version, in 1814 he was sent to a magazine published by A. V. Izmailov, an old acquaintance of the Pushkin family, Alexander Delvig. Frenchman and Egoza (Pushkin's nickname) were considered by friends to be the most talented, but he had not yet had a single publication, although some of the lyceum students had already distinguished themselves. The editors liked the poems, but they were not signed, and the author received a letter about the need to solve this problem. The signature he used is Pushkin's first pseudonym in his youth. Deciphering it does not cause difficulties, although he used an anonymous name and a cryptonym at the same time: Alexander N.k.sh.p. He removed vowels from his last name, writing it the other way around.

It is known: his uncle Vasily Lvovich often used a name without vowels instead of a signature, but in direct order: P.sh.k.n. Young Pushkin, on the one hand, showed independence, on the other hand, he demonstrated that he was connected with his uncle, a writer.

Other aliases

During the years of lyceum life the poet wrote about a hundred poems included in the collected works. Four times he was published in the Vestnik Evropy, signing the works not only with N.k.sh.p, but also with the letter P. and digit names, for example, 1 … 14-16. If we substitute letters of the alphabet instead of numbers, we will see the initial of the name, the last and first letter of the surname. What is Pushkin's pseudonym fundamentally different from this approach? Already from "Memoirs in Tsarskoe Selo" ("Russian Museum"), he puts his own signature. It is from this poem that success comes to him.

He is accepted into the poetic circle "Arzamas", which included V. Zhukovsky. Subsequently, in memory of these times, he signs some of his creations: Arz. (Arzamas), St. are. (old Arzamas), St … ch.k (cricket - a nickname among the circle members). He also signed with fictitious names. So, two pamphlets were written on behalf of Feofilakt Kosichkin. Researchers also found other signatures of the great poet: Yehuda Khlamida, Frenchman, D. Davydov, I. Ivanov and even I. This pseudonym of Pushkin was used so that the poems could be attributed to Yazykov. After leaving the service and becoming a publisher, Pushkin sometimes wanted to argue with the author, and all these names were used for this. The Tales of Belkin stand apart, where inIn the preface, the author even came up with a biography of the late Belkin, allegedly the author.

Prophecy of N. Karamzin

The great Russian historian was no stranger to lyrics and in early 1799 he wrote a poetic "Prophecy". The final line in it was the statement about the birth in 1799 of the new Pindar (an ancient Greek poet of the 5th-4th centuries BC, the founder of odic poetry). His prediction came true. It was in this year that the genius of Russian literature was born, who was destined for a great fate. And even though he never signed his creations with the name of an ancient Greek author, one can say: Pindar is Pushkin's pseudonym, rightfully assigned to him by N. M. Karamzin.