The poem "Anchar" by Pushkin: analysis according to the plan

2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25

Pushkin's "Anchar" is one of the most powerful poems of the poet. It protests against the absolute power of one person over another. Pushkin created in it a completely new circle of images for Russian poetry, perceived by him from the East.

History of Creation

The poem "Anchar" Pushkin wrote in 1828, three years after the Decembrist uprising. Shortly before Alexander Sergeevich, the famous poet P. Katenin created a whole poem with the "tree of life", which was a symbol of royal mercy. Perhaps, as a counterpoint to this flattering work, Anchar was composed. It was published in the almanac "Northern Flowers" in 1832. At the same time, the poet had to explain himself to the chief of the gendarmes, A. Kh.

Composition

The work consists of nine stanzas. Pushkin's "Anchar" is built on opposition. The first five stanzas describe the sultry nature of the desert and the deadly, formidable tree for all living things. It is born in the day of wrath. Everything in it is filled with poison: the dead green of the branches, the roots, the trunk with dripping drops, which by the eveningsolidified with transparent resin. Anchar stands on stingy and stunted soil in complete solitude. No one dares to approach him, except for a black whirlwind. He will run for a moment and is already rushing on, carrying away the corrupting forces.

The second part, consisting of four stanzas, talks about human relationships with absolute, corrupting, merciless power and the silent obedience of a slave.

With all the fantastic entourage, the state of people in Nikolaev Russia is read here. The serf is afraid of his master, who can beat him to death, the soldier is afraid of the officer with gauntlets and getting a lethal dose of blows, the official is afraid of the head of the chancellery, the courtiers are afraid of the mere glance of the emperor. Fear permeates the entire vast country. He deprives the common man of dignity and shows him a place in the backyard. But at the same time, the one in whose hands the deadly power is also deprived of dignity. Getting pleasure from her, the owner becomes a slave to his black soul.

So Tsar Pushkin in "Anchar" only needed a menacing look to send his subject to certain death.

Theme, the idea of the poem

This is a typical Eastern myth. Unsteady mirages are born from it. There is no such tree in nature and cannot be.

Everything in him is poisonous. The poison penetrated the trunk, branches and roots entirely. Even if it rains, it will irrigate the combustible sand with poison. A bird does not fly to Pushkin's animal, so terrible for all living things, nor does a formidable tiger go. Before himonly a black whirlwind flies, and immediately rushes away, becoming corruptible. But! What will not come true if the deity wants!

Without saying a word, only pointing the way to the man with his eyes, the lord sent a wordless slave to the anchor. He obediently ran down the road, realizing that he was going to his death. Having fulfilled the order, he weakened and quietly lay down at the feet of the all-powerful lord. He died next to his master. Invincible is he who, for the sake of victory over strangers, does not spare his own. Here is the despot's secret. The prince who saturated the arrows with poison did not die, because evil triumphs in the world, and such a tree would not exist if there was no evil in the world. The poem "Anchar" by Pushkin, which we are analyzing, reveals the social relations of people: despotism and anti-humanity, on the one hand, silent obedience, on the other.

Characters and their characteristics

The poor weak-willed slave is sympathetic. But how many beatings, pain and humiliation he apparently endured, becoming from a free, proud man to a submissive and silent one. So, mocking and torturing, despots “re-educate” people.

And what about the lord? He knew perfectly well that this man would not survive, but he calmly waited for his return, not for a moment doubting that he would not run away anywhere. And where to run in the hot, waterless desert? Everywhere awaits only death. So in the Russian Empire, the lackey has nowhere to hide.

Techniques for revealing images

Continuing the analysis of Pushkin's "Anchar", we must say about the perfection of the author as an artist. Visibly and brightly before us appears lonelyanchar - a deadly tree that stands like a "terrible sentry", on the border of the desert and the rain-thirsty steppes, scorched by the heat. We see both the solidified golden resin on its bark, and the leaves on the branches withered from poison. The tree becomes a metaphor for all the evil in the world.

Only a black whirlwind sweeps over him.

Swift, it is drawn in the imagination like a hurricane funnel.

All the evil of the world, collected in a poisonous tree, begins to spread everywhere with great speed. At first it is only a whirlwind, then rain, which becomes poisonous, later - arrows that bring death to everything.

That is, "poisonous" and "poison" become keywords for the entire work. And the epithets: "stunted and stingy" desert, "dead" green branches, "black" whirlwind inject a gloomy flavor.

The despot fills obedient arrows with poison and begins to sow evil. Thus it spreads to all the limits accessible to it. The idea of world evil excites the poet, and his impartial, detached story only strengthens the impression that he creates.

Genre of work

Most likely, the work "Anchar" can be called a philosophical parable, since history has not preserved reliable information about such a tree.

The Russians assumed that it grows in Java, but these were only vague conjectures that the poet brilliantly beat.

Time signature and rhythm

The rhythm of the poem is given by repetitions of a semantic nature (juice flows down, a person flowed on the way, sweatflows) and anaphoras (the roots are drunk with poison, the branches are dead green). The poem is written in iambic tetrameter. If you read it slowly, observing semantic caesuras, then in sound it approaches hexameter.

Pushkin's "Anchar" plan is given in the text of the article. Everyone can use it, adding only their personal impression. The poem is deeply tragic. It touches upon the problems of world evil, which will later determine the themes of the works of L. Tolstoy, F. Dostoevsky, M. Lermontov, F. Tyutchev. The humanism of Russian writers and poets urged readers to fight evil in all its forms and manifestations.