2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25
It is impossible to say exactly when Khokhloma painting appeared, but it is assumed that this happened in the 17th century. During the church reforms, when the Old Believers were persecuted, they found refuge in forests and small villages. Major cities have become closed to them forever. But they had to somehow feed themselves, and then they decided to try to transfer the technique of icon painting and decoration to wood products. Around the same time, the world-famous nesting doll appeared, which was later called "Khokhloma".
It is believed that the Old Believers were able to save ancient handwritten books, icons and various patterned fabrics. Khokhloma painting was based on them. Initially, only icon painters themselves became handicraft masters, then other Old Believers, as well as participants in the Solovetsky rebellion, began to join them. Over time, this technique became so widespread that entire villages began to practice it. Moreover, one village could make blanks, another could carve wood, and a third could paint. Bymost of the work was done by men, women only helped by performing various auxiliary tasks. It should be noted that children from an early age took an active part in painting. Of course, they were not trusted to perform difficult operations, but they could well cope with a primer or an oil coat.
In general, Khokhloma painting became popular not because all the work was done by hand. At that time, there were not enough rich people living in Russia to sell products for a high price. The thing is that the elements of dishes that are identical at first glance always looked different. Golden bowls were laid out on the banks of the Volga, then transported from there throughout the country. Moreover, Russian Khokhloma was popular far beyond the borders of Russia. Painting elements on golden bowls, spoons or decor items could not leave anyone indifferent.
A distinctive feature of Khokhloma is that it does not have any patterns or examples. All the strokes that were performed by the master, he actually came up with on the go. But there were certain rules for the design of the background. As for the technique of the initial production, the wood was first primed. This was necessary in order to clog small holes and prevent liquid from passing through. Then putty was carried out, which was intended to cover up knots, small dents and other errors left after the work of the turner. After that, oiling was carried out, without it, coating with aluminum powder (required forgiving a known golden hue) became difficult. And only then the masters proceeded to the painting itself. Fanciful patterns with brushes laid down on the most complex surfaces. Thus, Russian Khokhloma is a painting, the photo of which cannot reflect the beauty that can actually be seen. In many museums, dishes have been preserved, the creation of which dates back to the 18th century. As a rule, in the patterns one can see the love for nature, which was transmitted by every peasant in his product.
Khokhloma painting has not lost its significance to this day. Of course, contemporary art has become more diverse, there is such a wide range of forms and decorative elements that one simply marvels at the complexity of all artistic compositions. All souvenirs carry the warmth of the soul, as each of them is made by hand. No machine can transmit as much positive energy as human hands can.
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