2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25
At school literature lessons, we all studied speech styles at one time. However, few people remember anything on this issue. We propose to refresh this topic together and remember what the literary and artistic style of speech is.
What are speech styles
Before talking in more detail about the literary and artistic style of speech, you need to understand what it is in general - the style of speech. Let's touch on this definition briefly.
Under the style of speech it is necessary to understand the special speech means that we use in a certain situation. These means of speech always have a special function, and therefore they are called functional styles. Another common name is language genres. In other words, this is a set of speech formulas - or even clichés - that are used in different cases (both verbally and in writing) and do not coincide. This is a speech manner of behavior: at an official reception with dignitaries, we speak and behave in this way, andmeeting with a group of friends somewhere in a garage, cinema, club - completely different.
There are five functional styles in total. Let us briefly characterize them below before proceeding in detail to the question of interest to us.
What are the styles of speech
As mentioned above, there are five styles of speech, but some believe that there is also a sixth - religious. In Soviet times, when all styles of speech were distinguished, this issue was not studied for obvious reasons. Be that as it may, there are five official functional styles. Let's take a look at them below.
Scientific style
Used, of course, in science. Its authors and addressees are scientists, experts in a particular field. In written form, texts of this style can be found in scientific journals. This language genre is characterized by the presence of terms, general scientific words, abstract vocabulary.
Publicistic style
As you might guess, lives in the media and is designed to influence people. It is the people, the population that is the addressee of this style, which is characterized by emotionality, conciseness, the presence of commonly used phrases, often the presence of socio-political vocabulary.
Conversational style
As you can tell by its name, it is a style of communication. This is a predominantly oral language genre, we need it for a simple conversation, expression of emotions, exchange of opinions. It is characterized by colloquial, colloquial sometimes even vocabulary, expressiveness, liveliness of dialogues, colorfulness. It is in colloquial speech that often along with wordsfacial expressions and gestures appear.
Formal business style
It is mainly a style of writing and is used in a formal setting for paperwork - in the field of legislation, for example, or office work. With the help of this language genre, various laws, orders, acts and other papers of a similar nature are drawn up. It is easy to recognize him by dryness, informativeness, accuracy, the presence of speech clichés, and the lack of emotionality.
Finally, the fifth, literary-artistic style (or simply - artistic) is the subject of interest of this material. So let's talk about him in more detail later.
Characteristic of the literary and artistic style of speech
So, what is an artistic language genre? Based on its name, one can assume - and not be mistaken - that it is used in literature, specifically in fiction. This is true, this style is the language of fiction texts, the language of Tolstoy and Gorky, Dostoevsky and Remarque, Hemingway and Pushkin … The main role and purpose of the literary and artistic style of speech is to influence the minds, the minds of readers in such a way that they begin to think, so that the aftertaste remains even after reading the book, so that you want to think about it and return to it again and again. This genre is designed to convey to the reader the thoughts and feelings of the author, to help see what is happening in the work through the eyes of its creator, to feel it, to live their lives together with the characters on the pages of the book.
The text of the literary and artistic style is also emotional, like the speech of its colloquial "colleague", but these are two different emotionalities. In colloquial speech, we free our soul, our brain with the help of emotions. While reading a book, we, on the contrary, are imbued with its emotionality, which acts here as a kind of aesthetic means. We will describe in more detail about those features of the literary and artistic style of speech by which it is not difficult to recognize it, but for now we will dwell briefly on listing those literary genres that are characterized by the use of the above-mentioned style of speech.
What genres are inherent in
Artistic language genre can be found in a fable and a ballad, an ode and an elegy, a story and a novel, a fairy tale and a short story, an essay and a story, an epic and a hymn, a song and a sonnet, a poem and an epigram, a comedy and tragedy. So Stefan Zweig, Mikhail Lomonosov, and Ivan Krylov can all equally serve as examples of the literary and artistic style of speech, regardless of how different works they wrote.
A little about the functions of the artistic language genre
And although we have already voiced above what task is the main one for this style of speech, we will nevertheless give all three of its functions.
This is:
- Influencing (and a strong impact on the reader is achieved with the help of a well-thought-out and prescribed "strong" image).
- Aesthetic (the word is not only a "carrier" of information, but also constructsartistic image).
- Communicative (the author expresses his thoughts and feelings - the reader perceives them).
Style features
The main stylistic features of the literary and artistic style of speech are as follows:
1. Using a large number of styles and mixing them. This is a sign of the author's style. Any author is free to use in his work as many linguistic means of various styles as he likes - colloquial, scientific, official business: any. All these speech means used by the author in his book add up to a single author's style, according to which one can easily guess one or another writer later. This is how Gorky is easily distinguished from Bunin, Zoshchenko from Pasternak, and Chekhov from Leskov.
2. Using words that have multiple meanings. With the help of such a technique, a hidden meaning is embedded in the narrative.
3. The use of various stylistic figures - metaphors, comparisons, allegories and the like.
4. Special syntactic constructions: often the order of words in a sentence is built in such a way that it is difficult to express oneself in a similar way in oral speech. You can also easily recognize the author of the text by this sign.
Literary-artistic style is the most flexible and borrowing. It takes literally everything! You can find in it neologisms (newly formed words), and archaisms, and historicisms, and swear words, and various argots (jargons of professional speech). And this is the fifth feature, the fifth distinguishing feature of the aforementionedlanguage genre.
What else you need to know about art style
1. One should not think that the artistic language genre lives exclusively in writing. This is not true at all. In oral speech, this style also functions quite well - for example, in plays that were first written and are now read aloud. And even listening to oral speech, one can well imagine everything that happens in the work - thus, one can say that the literary and artistic style does not tell, but shows the story.
2. The aforementioned language genre is perhaps the most free from any kind of restrictions. Other styles have their own prohibitions, but in this case there is no need to talk about prohibitions - what restrictions can there be, if the authors are even allowed to weave scientific terms into the outline of their narrative. However, it is still not worth it to abuse other style means and pass everything off as your own author's style - the reader should be able to understand and understand what is in front of his eyes. The abundance of terms or complex structures will make him bored and turn the page without finishing.
3. When writing a work of art, you need to be very careful in choosing vocabulary and take into account what situation you are describing. If we are talking about a meeting of two officials from the administration, you can screw in a couple of speech clichés or other representatives of the official business style. However, if the story is about a beautiful summer morning in the forest, such expressions will be clearly inappropriate.
4. In any textIn the literary and artistic style of speech, three types of speech are approximately equally used - description, reasoning and narration (the latter, of course, occupies a large part). Also, types of speech are used in approximately equal proportions in the texts of the aforementioned language genre - be it a monologue, dialogue or polylogue (communication of several people).
5. The artistic image is created by generally using all the means of speech available to the author. In the nineteenth century, for example, the use of "speaking surnames" was very widespread (remember Denis Fonvizin with his "Undergrowth" - Skotinin, Prostakov, and so on, or Alexander Ostrovsky's "Thunderstorm" - Kabanikh). A similar method made it possible, from the very first appearance of a character in front of readers, to indicate what a given hero is. Currently, the use of this technique has somewhat departed.
6. In every literary text there is also the so-called image of the author. This is either the image of the narrator, or the image of the hero, a conditional image that emphasizes the non-identity with him of the "real" author. This image of the author actively takes part in everything that happens to the characters, comments on events, communicates with readers, expresses his own attitude to situations, and so on.
This is a characteristic of the literary and artistic style of speech, knowing which you can evaluate works of fiction from a completely different angle.
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