Trumpet (musical instrument): types, photos

2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25

Musical wind instrument trumpet - a representative of devices for the formation of the sound of the alto-soprano register. Among similar instruments, this one has the highest sound. The pipe has been used since ancient times, when it was used as a signal. She entered the orchestra already around the 17th century. After the valve mechanism was invented, the trumpet plays the role of a full-fledged instrument for playing classical music. The tone is bright and brilliant. The instrument can be used as a solo performer in brass bands, symphony orchestras, jazz and similar genres.

History

This instrument is one of the oldest. The first mention of such devices arose around 3600 BC. Many civilizations used pipes - and Ancient Egypt, and Ancient China, and Ancient Greece, and other cultures used the likeness of pipes as signaling instruments. For many centuries this has been the main role of this invention.

In the Middle Ages, the army necessarily hadtrumpeters who were able to transmit a sound order to other units located at a considerable distance from each other. In those days, the trumpet (musical instrument), although it did not fully fulfill its functions, was nevertheless an elite art to play on it. Only specially selected people were trained in this skill. In calm, non-war times, trumpeters were obligatory participants in holidays and knightly tournaments. In big cities there were special tower trumpeters, signaling the arrival of significant people, a change in the times of day, the advance of enemy troops, or other important events.

Shortly before the advent of the Renaissance, new technologies made it possible to produce a more advanced musical wind instrument. The trumpet began to participate in the performances of the orchestra. In addition, trumpet players have become much more virtuoso by learning the art of the clarino. This word denoted the transmission of diatonic sounds with the help of blowing. The Baroque era can be safely considered the "golden age of the natural pipe." Ever since the classical and romantic age, which puts melody as the basis of everything, has come, the natural trumpet has receded into the background as incapable of reproducing melodic lines. And only for the performance of the main steps of the scale in orchestras was the trumpet used.

Modern trumpet

The musical instrument, which received a valve mechanism in the middle of the 19th century, at first did not have a well-deserved fame. The reason is that most of the sounds were not yet pure intonation and did not have the sametimbre. Increasingly, the transfer of the upper voice began to be entrusted to the cornet, since its timbre was much softer, and its technical characteristics were more perfect. But at the beginning of the century, when the design of the trumpet was improved, the cornets had to leave the orchestra. Finally, the trumpet was able to show all the sounds that are required in an orchestra from wind instruments. Currently, parts previously created for cornets are performed by the trumpet. The musical instrument, the photo of which is attached to the article, was able to fully reproduce the scale, thanks to the most advanced mechanism.

Today, the instrument is used in orchestras when performing music in the genres of ska, jazz, funk, and also as a solo artist.

Pipe structure

Copper and brass are the materials most often used to make pipes. A musical instrument made of silver or other metals is much rarer. Even in ancient times, a method of manufacturing from a single sheet of metal was invented.

This musical instrument has an interesting shape. The pipe, as it is called due to its shape, the curves of which are really only made for compactness, is just a long tube. The mouthpiece has a slight constriction, while the bell has an expansion. The main length of the pipe is cylindrical. It is this form that contributes to the brightness of the timbre. In the manufacturing process, it is extremely important to accurately calculate not only the length, but also the correct expansion of the socket - this determines the structure of the instrument. However, the essence remains the same: this musical instrument -long pipe and only.

Game

The principle of the game is to obtain harmonic consonances by changing the position of the lips and the length of the air column, which is achieved using the valve mechanism. Three gates are used, making it possible to lower the sound by a tone, one and a half or half a tone. Pressing several valves at the same time allows you to lower the instrument's tuning to three tones. It is in this way that the chromatic scale is achieved.

There are varieties that have a fourth valve that allows you to lower the tuning by five semitones.

Game technique

Having high technical mobility, the trumpet perfectly performs diatonic passages, arpeggios and so on. Breathing is used very sparingly, so it is quite possible to play phrases of great length and bright timbre.

V alt trills work great on modern instruments.

Varieties

The most popular type is the B-flat trumpet, which sounds a tone lower than the notes written for it indicate. At present, notes are written from mi of a small octave to the third octave, but it is still possible to extract higher sounds from the instrument. The modern design of the trumpet allows it to play all the necessary tonalities, rarely switching to the trumpet beloved by Americans in C tuning.

In addition, today there are three more types of pipes that were very common in the past.

Alto trumpet - a musical instrument,designed to sound almost a fourth below the written notes. This instrument is necessary for the transmission of low-register sounds (for example, Rachmaninov's Third Symphony). However, now this pipe is rarely used, most often it is replaced by a flugelhorn.

The bass trumpet is a musical instrument, the photo of which is easy to find in any music school, sounds an octave lower than a regular trumpet. At the same time, a large nonu is lower than the proposed notes. Used until the second half of the 20th century. Now it is successfully replaced by a trombone - similar in structure, register and timbre.

Piccolo trumpet. Constructed at the end of the 19th century, today it is experiencing a new wave of popularity thanks to the interest in early music. They are used in the B-flat style, while for sharp keys it can also be rebuilt into the A system. It has four valves, not three, like a large pipe. The musical instrument is used with a smaller mouthpiece, but this affects the technical mobility and timbre.

Repertoire

Although modern trumpets that can play melodic lines without limitation are relatively recent, a huge number of solo works have been written that have been created for real instruments. Today they are performed on a small (piccolo) trumpet. Many famous composers wrote for the trumpet: Haydn, Weinberg, Blacher, Shchedrin, Bach, Molter, Mozart, Beethoven, Brahms, Mahler, Mussorgsky, Rimsky-Korsakov and many other equally great composers.