Spatial arts. Architecture as an art form. Types of art and their classification

2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25

Art is a creative process of creating artistic images that reflect the real world in all its diversity. It is divided into separate types in accordance with the specifics of the material embodiment. Different types of art perform, in fact, one noble task - they serve society.

Classification

Modern art history literature offers a certain classification system for the types of creative activity. The most common scheme is the conditional division of art into three groups.

The first group combines spatial art forms that are perceived visually:

• Arts and crafts.
• Fine arts.
• Architecture.
• Art photography.
• Sculpture.
• Painting.

The second group includes temporary art forms that have a certain dynamics or stretched in time:

• Fiction.
• Music.

Since temporary arts can, under certain conditions, move to another category, this must be taken into account. In some cases, literature is synthesized with music (libretto).

The third group includes space-time art forms that are perceived both visually and by ear:

• Choreography, ballet, musicals.
• Theatrical art.
• Literary works.
• Film art.
• Circus genres.

Why do we need certain types of art

The existence of different types of art is explained by the fact that it is impossible to reproduce a comprehensive artistic picture in any particular way. After all, there is bound to be something behind the scenes. A complete picture can be reflected only with the involvement of all the artistic means of culture as a whole.

Spatial arts

One of the most popular creative processes is arts and crafts.

The artistic value of products made from improvised materials is high if the crafts are made by true masters of their craft.

Arts and crafts is the creation of artistic household items, folklore exclusives from natural materials. The use of wood, clay, stone and bone is accepted. In the manufacture of decorative products, a variety of material processing techniques are used.

The process of creating artisticapplied products is focused on the ethnic characteristics of the country or region. The arts and crafts, as a rule, are dominated by folk crafts representing local customs and traditions. In Russia it is:

• Painting on wood - Gorodets, Khokhloma, Fedoskino, Polkhov-Maidanskaya.
• Wooden carving - Abramtsevo-Kudrinskaya, Bogorodskaya.
• Miniature painting - Palekh, Kholuy, Msterskaya.
• Russian folk ceramics - Gzhel, Skopinsky, Kargopol and Dymkovo toys.
• Lace weaving - Vologda, Mikhailov.
• Painting on fabric - Pavlovo Posad shawls, capes, shawls.
• Artistic metal products - Veliky Ustyug scarlet silver, Zhostovo painting, Rostov enamel.
• Embroidery - Vladimir gold embroidery.
• White bone carving - Khotkovskaya, Kholmogory, Tobolsk.

Sculpture is a fine, spatial art that reflects the world in artistic plastic images. The materials used in the creation of sculptures are marble, bronze, stone, wood. Recently, others have been used, such as concrete, steel. As well as plasticized materials. Particularly large statues are reinforced with metal rods to avoid breaking.

Sculpture can be of two types: three-dimensional 3D and relief.

Three-dimensional repeats all specified parameters and can be performed at any scale. Relief sculptures are divided into three types:

• high relief -high relief;
• bas-relief - medium or low relief;
• counter-relief - mortise.

Each type of sculpture has its own classification. It can be monumental, easel or decorative. Monumental is installed on the streets and city squares. And also in places of historical importance. Monumental sculpture includes memorials, monuments. Easel sculptures are museum exhibits. As a rule, they are located indoors. Decorative sculptural images can stand in residential buildings, in garden plots, in gazebos.

Architecture

Architecture appeared long before the birth of Christ and gradually began to acquire artistic features, while remaining a utilitarian structure. Architecture as an art form has spread since the beginning of the 13th century. It was then that architects began to build grandiose Gothic structures in Europe. Gothic and today is considered one of the most interesting styles of historical significance. Architecture as an art form occupies one of the leading places in the list of the world's cultural heritage. At the same time, its artistic value is undeniable.

Plastic spatial arts

In the world of artistic disciplines, there are areas that require classification. These include spatial art forms with signs of plasticity. They are characterized by the possible movement or transformation in a certain space. A masterpiece of architecture is considered plastic if itcan be finalized, expanded, and radically changed in terms of colors. All this applies only to modern achievements of architecture - historical architectural structures are inviolable. The possibility of artistic transformations of an already finished work of art classifies it into the category of a plastic look. Similar criteria can be applied to other samples of a spatial nature.

Theory and practice

At the same time, signs of plasticity do not have to be confirmed by the possibility of some changes. For example, the art of painting does not need any adjustment, much less transformation. Artistic canvases already created are finished works. Sculpture belongs to the plastic arts. Since it can presumably be changed for the better. But this sign is purely theoretical and is used to determine the classification system for art forms. Any genre of artistic spatial creativity can be attributed to plastic types, except for photography.

Literature

Spatio-temporal arts are the most popular and in demand in society. Let's take a closer look at them.

Literature is a kind of art in which the main bearer of meaning, as well as a source of creative inspiration, is the artistic word. A writer who is sufficiently proficient in fiction uses his gift to create textual works. Literature as an art formdivided into two categories:

• artistic;
• historical prose.

Literary genres

• Lyrics are works of art, often in poetic form, reflecting a variety of human experiences, including love ones.
• Drama is literature that describes events in a plot, usually a whole story or individual events from the life of heroes.
• Tragedy is a work written in the dramatic genre, but with a deadly ending.
• Epos is a literary narrative that reveals major historical events, the presentation is possible both in verse and in prose.
• Novel - a genre of small narrative form.
• A novel is a large work, consisting of several parts, containing a description of the life of the main and secondary characters in a certain period.
• The story is a literary genre, less than a novel in terms of volume and number of characters.
• A story is a work of small form describing events that occurred in a short period of time, more common and arbitrary in terms of composition compared to a short story.

Choreography and ballet

Another creative activity in the "spatial arts" category is choreography. Consists of artistically meaningful postures and movements of the human body, organized in space and time. It is a system worked out for centuries. Dance must be combined with music. In this casea musical and choreographic image is created.

At all times, dance was associated with the life of a person, imitating certain events. And on stage, his mission was to show the public the art of ballet. In addition, dances are part of various ceremonies and rituals. This is especially common on the African continent and in Asian countries.

The types of art, examples of which are given in this article, are somehow connected with the global Russian culture and are called upon to bring it to the people.