The life and work of Griboyedov (briefly)

2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-01-17 12:35

A. S. Griboyedov is a famous Russian playwright, a brilliant publicist, a successful diplomat, one of the smartest people of his time. He entered the history of world literature as the author of one work - the comedy "Woe from Wit". However, Alexander Sergeevich's work is not limited to writing the famous play. Everything that this man undertook bears the imprint of a unique giftedness. His fate was adorned with extraordinary events. The life and work of Griboyedov will be briefly outlined in this article.

Childhood

Griboyedov Alexander Sergeevich was born in 1795, on January 4, in the city of Moscow. He was brought up in a we althy and well-born family. His father, Sergei Ivanovich, was a retired second major at the time of the boy's birth. Alexander's mother, Anastasia Fedorovna, bore the same maiden name as her married one, Griboedova. The future writer grew up as an unusually developed child. At the age of six, he already knew three foreign languages. In his youth, he became fluent in Italian, German, French and English. Dead languages (ancient Greek and Latin) were also an open book for him. In 1803, the boy was sent to a noble boarding school at Moscow University, where he spent three years.

Youth

In 1806, Alexander Sergeevich entered Moscow University. Two years later he became a candidate of verbal sciences. However, Griboyedov, whose life and work are described in this article, did not leave his studies. He entered first the moral and political department, and then - the physics and mathematics. The brilliant abilities of the young man were obvious to everyone. He could have made a great career in science or in the diplomatic field, but war suddenly burst into his life.

Military service

In 1812, Alexander Sergeevich volunteered for the Moscow Hussar Regiment, commanded by Petr Ivanovich S altykov. Colleagues of the young man were young cornets from the most famous noble families. Until 1815, the writer was in military service. His first literary experiments date back to 1814. Griboedov's work began with an essay "On Cavalry Reserves", the comedy "Young Spouses" and "Letters from Brest-Litovsk to a Publisher".

Society life in the capital

In 1816 Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov retired. The life and work of the writer began to develop according toa completely different scenario. He met A. S. Pushkin and V. K. Kuchelbecker, became the founder of the Masonic lodge "Du Bien" and got a job in the diplomatic service as a provincial secretary. In the period from 1815 to 1817, Alexander Sergeevich, in collaboration with friends, created several comedies: Student, Feigned Infidelity, His Family or Married Bride. Griboyedov's work is not limited to dramatic experiments. He writes critical articles ("On the analysis of a free translation of the Burger's ballad "Lenora") and composes poetry ("Lubochny Theatre").

South

In 1818, Alexander Sergeevich refused to work as an official in the diplomatic mission in the United States and was appointed secretary to the tsar's attorney in Persia. Before the trip to Tehran, the playwright finished work on the play "Interlude Samples". Griboyedov, whose work was only gaining popularity, began to keep travel diaries on the way to Tiflis. These recordings revealed another facet of the writer's sparkling talent. He was an original author of ironic travel notes. In 1819, Griboyedov's work was enriched with the poem "Forgive, Fatherland." Around the same time, he was finishing work on "Letter to the publisher from Tiflis dated January 21". Diplomatic activity in Persia was very burdensome for Alexander Sergeevich, and in 1821, for he alth reasons, he moved to Georgia. Here he became close with Kuchelbecker and made the first rough sketches of the comedy Woecrazy". In 1822, Griboyedov began work on the drama "1812".

Capital life

In 1823, Alexander Sergeevich managed to leave the diplomatic service for a while. He devoted his life to creating literary works: he continued to work on "Woe from Wit", composed the poem "David", the dramatic scene "Youth of the Prophet" and the cheerful vaudeville "Who is brother, who is sister or Deception after deception". Griboedov's work, briefly described in this article, was not limited to literary activity. In 1823, the first edition of his popular w altz "e-moll" was published. In addition, Alexander Sergeevich published discussion notes in the Desiderata magazine. Here he argues with contemporaries on issues of Russian literature, history and geography.

Woe from Wit

In 1824 a great event took place in the history of Russian drama. Finished work on the comedy "Woe from Wit" by A. S. Griboyedov. The work of this talented person will forever remain in the memory of posterity precisely because of this work. The bright and aphoristic style of the play contributed to the fact that it completely "dispersed into quotations".

Comedy combines elements of classicism and innovative for that time realism and romanticism. The merciless satire on the capital's aristocratic society in the first half of the 19th century was striking in its wit. However, the comedy "Woe from Wit" was unconditionally accepted by the Russianthe public. From now on, everyone recognized and appreciated the literary work of Griboyedov. The play briefly described cannot give a full idea of the genius of this immortal work.

To the Caucasus again

In 1825, Alexander Sergeevich had to abandon his intention to travel to Europe. The writer needed to return to the service, and at the end of May he went to the Caucasus. There he learned Persian, Georgian, Turkish and Arabic. On the eve of his trip to the south, Griboyedov finished translating the fragment "Prologue at the Theater" from the tragedy "Faust". He also managed to compile notes for the work of D. I. Tsikulina "Unusual Adventures and Journeys …". On the way to the Caucasus, Alexander Sergeevich visited Kyiv, where he talked with prominent figures of the revolutionary underground: A. Z. Muravyov, S. P. Trubetskoy, M. P. Bestuzhev-Ryumin. After that, Griboyedov spent some time in the Crimea. Creativity, briefly presented in this article, has received a new development these days. The writer conceived the creation of an epic tragedy about the Baptism in Russia and constantly kept a travel diary, which was published only thirty years after the death of the author.

Sudden arrest

After returning to the Caucasus, Alexander Sergeevich wrote "Predators on Chegem" - a poem created under the impression of participation in the expedition of A. A. Velyaminov. However, another fateful event soon happened in the life of a writer. In 1926, in January, he was arrested on suspicion of belonging to a secret society. Decembrists. The freedom, life and work of Griboyedov were under threat. A brief biography of the writer gives an understanding of the incredible tension he was in all these days. The investigation failed to find evidence of Alexander Sergeevich's involvement in the revolutionary movement. Six months later, he was released from custody. Despite the full rehabilitation, the writer was kept under covert surveillance for some time.

Last years of life

In 1826, in September, A. S. Griboyedov returned to Tiflis. He again engaged in diplomatic activities. Thanks to his efforts, Russia concluded the beneficial Turkmanchay peace treaty. Alexander Sergeevich himself delivered the text of the document to St. Petersburg, received the post of resident minister (ambassador) in Iran and left for his destination. On the way he made a stop in Tiflis. There he met with the grown-up daughter of his friend - Nina Chavchavadze. Struck by the beauty of the young girl, the writer immediately proposed to her. He married Nina a few months later - on August 22, 1828. Alexander Sergeevich took his young wife with him to Persia. This gave the happy couple a few more weeks of living together.

Tragic death

In Persia, Alexander Sergeevich had to work hard. He constantly visited Tehran, where he conducted diplomatic negotiations in a very tough manner. The Russian emperor demanded inexorable firmness from his ambassador. For this, the Persians called the diplomat "hard-hearted." This policy brought its tragicfruit. In 1929, on January 30, the Russian mission was destroyed by a crowd of rebellious fanatics. Thirty-seven people died at the embassy. Among them was A. S. Griboyedov. His torn body was subsequently identified only by his left hand injured in his youth. Thus died one of the most gifted men of his time.

Griboyedov never managed to complete many literary projects. Creativity, briefly described in this article, is replete with unfinished works, talented sketches. One can understand what a gifted writer Russia lost at that moment.

The table of life and work of Griboyedov is presented below.

1795 January 4th	Alexander Sergeyevich Griboyedov was born.
1806 - 1811	The future writer is studying at Moscow University.
1812	Griboyedov joins the Moscow Hussars with the rank of cornet.
1816	Alexander Sergeevich retires and begins social life in the capital.
1817	Griboyedov becomes an employee of the Collegium of Foreign Affairs.
1815-1817	The playwright writes his first comedies, alone and with friends.
1818	Alexander Sergeevichenters the post of secretary of the Russian diplomatic mission in Tehran.
1819	The writer finished work on the poem "Forgive me, Fatherland!"
1822	Griboyedov is involved as a secretary in the diplomatic unit under General A. P. Yermolov, commander of all Russian troops in the Caucasus.
1824	Alexander Sergeevich is finishing work on the comedy "Woe from Wit".
1826 January	Griboyedov is arrested on suspicion of having links with the Decembrist rebels.
1826 June 2	Alexander Sergeyevich is released from custody.
1826	The Russo-Persian War begins. Griboyedov is sent to serve in the Caucasus.
1828	Conclusion of the Turkmanchay peace treaty, signed with the direct participation of Griboyedov
1828 April	Alexander Sergeevich is appointed to the post of plenipotentiary minister-resident (ambassador) to Iran.
1828	Griboyedov is married to Nina Chavchavadze. Wedding place - Tiflis Cathedral of Sioni.
1829 January 30th	Alexander Sergeevich dies during the defeat of the Russian mission inTehran.

Even an abbreviated sketch of Griboyedov's life and work gives an idea of what an outstanding personality Alexander Sergeevich was. His life was short, but surprisingly fruitful. Until the end of his days, he was devoted to the Motherland and died defending its interests. These are the people our country should be proud of.