Short biography of Akhmatova Anna Andreevna

2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25

Anna Andreevna Akhmatova, the great Russian poetess, was born on June 11, 1889. The birthplace was the city of Odessa, where her father, hereditary nobleman Gorenko A. A., worked as a mechanical engineer. Her mother, I. E. Stogovaya, was related to the first Russian poetess Anna Bunina. On the maternal side, Akhmatova had an ancestor of the Horde Khan Akhmat, on his behalf she formed her pseudonym.

Childhood

A short biography of Akhmatova mentions the time when she was transferred to Tsarskoye Selo at the age of one. She lived there until the age of sixteen. Among her very first memories, she always noted the magnificent green parks, the hippodrome with small colorful horses, the old railway station. Akhmatova spent the summer months on the shores of Streletskaya Bay, near Sevastopol. She was very inquisitive. Early learned to read the alphabet of Leo Tolstoy. Listen carefully when the teacher is studyingFrench with older children, and at the age of five she could speak herself. The biography and work of Akhmatova were first closely intertwined when she was only eleven years old. At this age, she wrote her first poem. The girl studied at the Tsarskoye Selo gymnasium. At first, it was difficult for her. However, things soon got much better.

Youth

A short biography of Akhmatova must certainly reflect the fact that her mother divorced her husband in 1905 and moved with her daughter to Evpatoria, and from there to Kyiv. It was here that Anna entered the Fundukleevskaya gymnasium, and after graduating from it, she entered the Higher Women's Courses, the Faculty of Law. All this time she has been keenly interested in literature and history.

Nikolai Gumilyov

Anna met Nikolai Gumilyov when she was still very young, namely at the age of fourteen. The ardent young man immediately fell in love with the beautiful Akhmatova. His love can be called unhappy, since he did not achieve the hand of his beloved right away. Several times he proposed to her and was invariably refused. And only in 1909 Akhmatova gives her consent. They got married on April 25, 1910. A short biography of Akhmatova cannot fully reflect the tragedy and hopelessness of this marriage. Nikolai carried his wife in his arms, idolized and surrounded with attention. However, at the same time, quite often he started novels on the side. In 1912, he truly fell in love with his young niece Masha Kuzmina-Karavaeva. For the first time, Akhmatova was overthrown from her pedestal. She couldn't bear this turn of events.could, and therefore decided on a desperate step. In the same year she gave birth to a son. Contrary to her expectations, her husband took this event rather coldly and continued to cheat on her.

Creativity

In 1911, Akhmatova moved to St. Petersburg. In this city, the Akhmatova Museum will subsequently be opened. Here she met Blok and published for the first time under her pseudonym. Fame and recognition came to her in 1912 after the publication of the collection of poems "Evening". In 1914, she released the Rosary collection, and then in 1917, The White Flock. A significant place in them is occupied by a kind of love lyrics and poems by Akhmatova about her homeland.

Private life

In 1914, Akhmatova's husband Gumilyov went to the front. She spends most of her time at the Gumilyov estate Slepnevo in the Tver province. A short biography of Akhmatova tells further that four years later she divorces her husband and remarries the poet V. K. Shileiko. year he was shot. Soon, in 1922, Akhmatova parted with her second husband and began an affair with Punin, who was also arrested three times. The life of the poetess was difficult and sad. Her beloved son Leo was imprisoned for over 10 years.

Ups and downs

In 1921, in October and April, Anna released two collections, which were the last before a long strip of censorship over herpoetry. In the twenties, Akhmatova was subjected to harsh criticism, she was no longer published. Her name disappears from the pages of magazines and books. The poetess is forced to live in poverty. From 1935 to 1940, Anna Andreevna worked on her famous work "Requiem". These poems by Akhmatova about the motherland, about the suffering of people, won the hearts of millions of people. In this work, she reflects the tragic fate of thousands of Russian women who are forced to wait for their husbands from prisons, to raise children in poverty. Her poetry was incredibly close to many. Despite the prohibitions, she was loved and read. In 1939, Stalin spoke positively about the work of Akhmatova, and they began to print her again. But as before, the poems were heavily censored.

The Great Patriotic War

At the beginning of the war, Anna Akhmatova (a brief biography must certainly reflect this) is in Leningrad. Soon she leaves for Moscow, and then evacuates to Tashkent, where she lives until 1944. She does not remain indifferent and tries with all her might to maintain the morale of the soldiers. Akhmatova helped in hospitals and performed poetry readings to the wounded. During this period, she wrote the poems "Oath", "Courage", "Cracks dug in the garden." In 1944 she returned to the destroyed Leningrad. She describes her terrible impression of what she saw in the essay "Three Lilacs".

Post-war period

1946 did not bring Akhmatova happiness or even relief. She, along with other authors, was again subjected to the most severe criticism. She was expelled from the Writers' Union, which meant the endany publications. The reason for everything was the meeting of the writer with the English historian Berlin. For a long time Akhmatova was engaged in translations. In an attempt to save her son from imprisonment, Anna writes poems praising Stalin. However, this sacrifice was not accepted. Lev Gumilyov was released only in 1956. By the end of her life, Akhmatova managed to overcome the resistance of bureaucrats and convey her work to a new generation. Her collection The Flight of Time was published in 1965. She was allowed to accept the Ethno-Taormina Literary Prize, as well as a doctorate from the University of Oxford. March 5, 1966, having suffered four heart attacks, Anna Akhmatova died. The Russian poetess was buried near Leningrad, at the Komarovsky cemetery. The memory of this great woman is kept by the Akhmatova Museum. It is located in St. Petersburg, in the Sheremetevsky Palace.