Treatises are Georgievsky treatise. Philosophical treatise

2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25

Treatises are scientific, theological or philosophical expositions that contain a description of a certain setting or topic, as well as a discussion of a problem and a logical conclusion. Some examples should be given for a better understanding.

Works of Archimedes

Scientific treatises are created by scientists.

For example, Archimedes wrote many such works. How did this scientist approach physical problems? He started from strict, though uncomplicated proofs. Thus, we can say that Archimedes is the father of mathematical physics. His works “On Floating Bodies”, as well as “On the Balance of Plane Figures” are dedicated to her. The same can be said about the great treatise on optics called "Katoptrik", which, unfortunately, has not survived. The work "On the Equilibrium of Plane Figures" includes empirical information known from the predecessors of Archimedes. They touch solids. The scientist depicted this information as postulates, in other words, axioms. The consequences resulting from this, Archimedes consistently proved, thus forming a theory concerning the centergravity. The scientist also gave examples. He calculated the center of gravity for all kinds of flat objects.

Treatise "On Floating Bodies"

Specialists believe that the scientific treatise "On Floating Bodies" Archimedes wrote at the end of his career, and some even believe that this is his last work. This work is presented in two volumes.

In the first book, the scientist, believing that the free surface of water is spherical, consistently analyzes the problems related to the immersion of solid objects in it, and creates his famous law, which is still written about in school textbooks. It is given great importance. Still, because it is considered the most ancient physical law. The approach to the problem in this treatise remains the same: after making certain observations, the scientist creates a model of water, thanks to which he receives a list of consequences. He goes on to prove them one by one. In the second volume, Archimedes, assuming that the surface of the water is flat, demonstrates the principle of the hydrometer. What's next? Then the scientist discusses the equilibrium condition for objects that are shaped like a segment of a paraboloid and are in water. Reflections of Archimedes are of great value for shipbuilding today.

The famous work of Aristotle

Aristotle was the first in history to write a philosophical treatise on the soul. What was his name? Very simply: “About the soul.”

This essay presents not only the thoughts of Aristotle himself. At the beginning there are arguments about the soul,belonging to scientists who lived and worked earlier, and only then the personal views of the author are stated. Thus, this treatise can be considered the world's first historiographical work affecting the field of psychology and philosophy. Impressive, isn't it?

Form and Matter

The psychological concept of the scientist strongly resonated with his general philosophical ideas concerning form and matter. You could even say that it stemmed from them. In the understanding of the scientist, the development of the world proceeded due to the continuous mixing of two principles - the active one, which Aristotle called form, and the passive one, called matter. What applies to the latter? Yes, perhaps, everything that surrounds people, including themselves. Each specific material object is formed by means of a form that has an organizing ability. And it is precisely due to it that the thing acquires a qualitative certainty. Form and matter cannot exist only together. These beginnings are inseparable. The soul is the form. All living things have it.

Aristotle was convinced of this. The scientist's work on form and matter and on the soul, which belongs to all living things, has a list of the most interesting consequences. It is necessary to pay special attention to them when reading a treatise on the soul. In general, you should think about every word.

What is the soul?

Aristotle believed that the soul cannot be considered either a state of the primordial matter, or an independent phenomenon separated from the body. What is she? The soul is a living, active principle, enclosed in a material shell, its form, but it does notcan be represented as an independent substance or body.

Kama Sutra - another famous treatise

Surely everyone has heard at least a little about the famous composition "Kama Sutra". However, not everyone is aware that there are very few authentic translations of this treatise. They can be counted on the fingers. By the way, similar treatises are generally a huge rarity, and this essay can be considered unique.

Work for all time

In fact, the Kamasutra is a monumental work that helps many researchers in the study of ancient Indian history.

From this essay you can understand what customs reigned in this country, what morals were characteristic of people, in general, you can learn a lot of new things. It should be noted that even today the Kama Sutra can be considered a very valuable work. Millennia pass, but the problems of love and hate, relationships between the sexes still occupy the minds of many people. It seems that centuries have flown by like a second, and human psychology has not changed at all. People are falling in love, having sex, suffering, kissing, dreaming about a date just as they did thousands of years ago.

This treatise on love is written in prose, but the conclusions are presented in verse in the classic sloka meter.

Features of presentation

What can you say about the style of this piece? It is very concise, minimalistic, it does not shine with colorful metaphors and lengthy arguments. This style was characteristic of the sutras, sometimes you cannote that it has some similarities with bhashya (so the ancient Indian commentaries were called), therefore, it cannot be called interesting and original. By the way, novelty and originality are not prerequisites for the creation of any work. Treatises are not always something very original. Nominative sentences are traced in the text. In general, this work is a narrative in which one can often notice sentences with a desirable mood. What is remarkable about the vocabulary of this treatise? Only good things can be said about it: the terms in the text are used very accurately and do not mislead the reader, and if some new concept was once introduced and explained, then it will be used only in the future. At the same time, there are many synonymous words in the treatise that give the story a certain beauty.

Tractate of St. George

There are also treatises on politics.

Actually, this is not uncommon at all. This also includes the Georgievsky treatise. What is its history?

On July 24, 1783, a document was signed stating that Irakli II, who is the king of Kakheti and Kartalinsky, recognizes the patronage and power of Russia. It happened in the fortress of St. George. According to this agreement, Erekle II, the king of Georgia, recognized the patronage of our country and promised that he would not conduct foreign policy on his own. And his troops from that time began to belong to Russia. As for Empress Catherine II, she made a promise that the royal possessionswill be kept intact, and Georgia will be considered autonomous, but at the same time it will be protected. After the signing of the Treaty of St. George, the countries of other faiths, namely Turkey and Iran, moderated their appetites. They stopped looking predatory at Eastern Georgia. Such treatises are just a salvation for some countries.

Historical events after the signing of the Treaty

After the signing of the treaty, a number of serious historical events took place. For example, P. S. Potemkin ordered that the Georgian Military Highway be laid for communication with the ward country. By the way, she passed through the cross pass. The road, on which 800 servicemen worked, was ready already in 1783, in the autumn. Soon the prince traveled along it to Tiflis. In order to protect the road from Ingush attacks, a fortress called Vladikavkaz was erected in 1784. As for Ossetia, it became part of our country.

In 1791, Russia demanded that Turkey stop claiming Georgia. Sooner or later it had to happen. This was presented as a condition for the signing of the Iasi Treaty after the war between Turkey and Russia.

Some rulers of Transcaucasia positively assessed the act of Erekle II. Moreover, they decided to follow his example. In 1783, the rulers of Armenia asked for protection from Russia. And soon Western Georgia did the same. It was in 1801.

This political treatise occupies a special place in the history of Georgia, because after itsigning, she intermarried with Russia. It meant a lot to her. She was protected not only in the cultural and political sense, but also in the most direct, physical sense.