2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25
Not often remembered poet Ya. P. Polonsky (1819-1898) created many works not only in verse but also in prose. However, romance became the main thing in his romantic work. The poet is alien to everything loud, but not indifferent to the fate of the Motherland. He himself most of all valued the "Bell" in his place.
Small motherland
In the quietest Ryazan, in a small provincial town, on the night of December 6-7, 1819, a baby was born, who two weeks later was named Yakov at baptism. His aunts were at the ball with the governor-general, but, having learned that their sister was safely resolved in childbirth, they left the ball to offer their congratulations. The Polonsky family was ancient, having left Poland to enter the service of Ivan the Terrible. The Polonskys had a coat of arms, against an azure background of which a star with six horns, a helmet with peacock feathers and a young month were depicted. The father of the future poet could not get a good education, but he learned to read and write, and his handwriting was beautiful. He was a petty official, and a large family demanded exorbitant expenses for him. Yakov was the eldest child, and besides him there wassix children. In the last birth, his mother, Natalya Yakovlevna, died. The child grieved over her death, and it seemed to him that his mother had been buried alive. As a child, Yakov Polonsky often had terrible dreams. He was afraid. Imagination began to work, poetic images appeared. The older brother told the tales he invented to the younger ones and began to secretly write poetry from everyone.
After high school
Yakov Polonsky graduated from the Ryazan gymnasium in 1838. By this time, the father was completely broken by the death of his beloved wife and, after serving three years in the Caucasus, returned to his native city. He did not interfere in the affairs of children. But Jacob had an event that he himself considered an important milestone in his life. In 1837, Tsarevich Alexander Nikolaevich visited Ryazan, accompanied by V. A. Zhukovsky. Young Yakov Polonsky presented one of his creations to the judgment of the future emperor. This meeting connected all the thoughts of the young man with literary activity. From 1838 to 1844, Yakov Polonsky studied at Moscow University. He is terribly poor, because the family is completely ruined, and you can only rely on your own strength. They had to rent housing in the slums, earn a living by tutoring and private lessons. There were days when there was nothing to eat. I had to make do with tea and rolls.
During this period, he became closely acquainted with A. Grigoriev and A. Fet, who appreciated the talent of the young poet. Inspired, in 1840 he published the poem “The Holy Blagovesh solemnly sounds” in “Notes of the Fatherland” in 1840. A circlehis Moscow acquaintances are expanding. In the house of a descendant of the Decembrist, Nikolai Orlov, Yakov Polonsky meets Professor T. Granovsky, philosopher P. Chaadaev. There, in 1942, he would make friends with Ivan Turgenev for life, with whom he would maintain correspondence.
Gamma Collection
In 1844, Pyotr Yakovlevich Chaadaev actively collected money by subscription for the publication of the first book of the young poet. The lyrics of M. Lermontov left an imprint on her. But V. Belinsky generally gives a favorable review. The critic noticed in the verses "a pure element of poetry." N. Gogol rewrites one of the poems for himself. V. A. Zhukovsky gave the aspiring poet a watch, showing that he appreciated his talent. Lev Sergeevich Pushkin presented him with a truly priceless gift - a briefcase that belonged to his brilliant brother.
Odessa
After graduating from university and moving to the south, the life and biography of Yakov Polonsky are filled with acquaintances with people of Pushkin's circle. Harmony and clarity characterize the poet's second collection, Poems of 1845. However, V. Belinsky did not find a single successful work in it.
Caucasus
Desire to get new impressions lead Yakov Petrovich to Tiflis in 1846. He serves in the office of the viceroy M. S. Vorontsov and at the same time works in the newspaper "Transcaucasian Vestnik" as an assistant editor. It is also printed in it. On exotic Caucasian material, he tries to work in the traditional genre of ballads and poems. At the same time, he uses less common sizes of different sizes. In 1849, the poet published the collection "Sandazar". But in 1851year he comes to Russia because he learns about the serious illness of his father.
Petersburg
So, the biography of Yakov Polonsky tells about his return to Russia, where he was warmly received by readers and writers. But he has no material well-being. In 1857 he was forced to become a repeater. In this capacity, he accompanies the family of A. O. Smirnova-Rosset, who has an extremely unstable and difficult character, to Switzerland. But 38 years old is no longer the age when you can endure the whims of employers. A few months later, he leaves this position and visits Geneva, Rome, Paris.
Poet in love
In the capital of France there was a "fatal meeting", as the poet called it, with his future wife. This girl, Elena Ustyugskaya, was young, and the lovers had to wait about a year for the wedding. In 1858 they got married and went to St. Petersburg. His chosen one considered inner nobility in her future husband. Alas, the marriage was short-lived.
Their happiness lasted only two years. At first, he was overshadowed by the fall of Yakov Petrovich from the droshky. He badly injured his leg, which did not give him rest for the rest of his life, and he was forced to use crutches. Then the six-month-old son dies, and a few months later, his wife. Here is a brief biography of Yakov Polonsky related to his first marriage. The yearning poet will splash out from the depths of his soul the poems "The Seagull", "Madness of grief", "If only your love …".
Second marriage
It is impossible to exist on literary fees, and Yakov Petrovich starts working in the committeeforeign censorship. 6 years after the collapse of his first marriage, he falls in love with the beautiful Josephine Rulman.
This romance ends with a marriage that produces two sons and a daughter. A literary and musical salon is being created at his home, in which on Fridays the color of the intelligentsia of St. Petersburg gathers: poets, prose writers, composers, painters, critics. The cultural life of the capital is seething here. On this, a brief biography of Yakov Polonsky in our presentation is already coming to an end. In honor of the celebration of the 50th anniversary of his literary activity, Polonsky was solemnly presented with a silver wreath, and Grand Duke Konstantin Romanov dedicated a poem to him.
Romances to Polonsky's words
Romantic, who tried to respond to socio-political topics, nevertheless in our minds is associated with romance. Yakov Polonsky, whose poems were loved by many Russian composers, is familiar to many, first of all, according to the words "My fire shines in the fog." Here is a list of romances in his words, far, far incomplete:
Composer E. F. Guide:
Bird: “The air smells like a field”;
W altz "Ray of Hope";
Prayer: “Our Father! Listen to the prayer of the son…”.
S. V. Rachmaninov:
Meeting: "Yesterday we met…";
Music: “These wonderful sounds float and grow…”;
Dissonance: "Let the fates will…".
A. G. Rubinstein:
Thought: "The holy evangelism solemnly sounds…";
Loss: "When a premonition of separation…".
P. I. Tchaikovsky:
Outside the window in the shadeflickering.”
By the way, for P. Tchaikovsky, Polonsky wrote the libretto of the opera Cherevichki. In addition to such a small number of romances indicated in this article, one can refer to the work of I. Bunin, who put a line from a poem by Y. Polonsky in the title of one of his stories, namely “In a familiar street.”
Polonsky died at the age of 78, buried near Ryazan. And now he is reburied in the Ryazan Kremlin. All the poems of Polonsky Yakov Petrovich found a lively response from his contemporaries and the next generation of symbolists, especially from A. Blok.
In Soviet times, not a single (!) Work dedicated to his life and work was published. Now in Ryazan, local historians are correcting this situation by releasing monographs, articles and books that return to us the undeservedly forgotten poet who left a great creative heritage.
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